Coca Cola And The Consumerist Nation - 1873 Words

Coca-cola and the Consumerist Nation During the early 1900s production in the United States was at an all time high. The increase in production and money available to be spent by fellow Americans led to a consumerism culture. Even though Americans were constantly being bombarded with different advertisements to buy company s products, one company dominated the market place with their great advertising campaigns and by associating its products with everything that made Americans feel good. This is why Coca-Cola the most famous brand on earth contributed to the consumerism culture of the nation and forever changed the way Americans spent their money. Even though Coca-cola was invented in the late 1800s it was not as widely popular to the general public until later in history, this was widely due to advertising. Created by Dr. John S. Pemberton, Coca-Cola at first was only placed in soda fountains making it not as easily available for the whole country to have access to. Dr. Pemberton then sold his brand to many different businessmen who started to advertise the drink more aggressively to Americans. The businessmen hoped to make Coca-Cola the James 2 nations drink and to profit from that image. It was not until the early 1900s when the famous Coca-cola bottle was created and was easily shipped and available throughout the whole country. Soon Coca-Cola plants were spread throughout the nation taking full advantage of American’s willing to spend their money. The combinationShow MoreRelatedCompanies Private Policies : A Legal Document Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pagesthis information should be collected, how the information should be managed and who and when the information should be released to other parties. The contents of a privacy policy vary depending on the laws of the land and how they are applied. Some nations have set up laws and guidelines of how the collected personal data should be managed. For instance, privacy laws in Europe cover all businesses including the government and private operations. Privacy policy started to matter with the introductionRead MoreAndy Warhol: Influence on the Twentieth Century Pop Art Movement1065 Words   |  5 PagesBrillo boxes, price tags, the banana, and Coca-Cola bottles (Wrbican). His creation of Coca Cola Bottles in 1962 became very popular. The bottles are in the everyday life of an American which made them very familiar with practically everyone. â€Å"Warhol used to identify the nature of the great American society, anonymous and consumerist, devoted to conformism and with a pride in unanimity, was the ubiquitous Coca Cola bottle- â€Å"(Copplestone 12). To Warhol, a Coca Cola bottle seemed so simple but, also aRead MoreAndy Warhol Essay1048 Words   |  5 PagesBrillo boxes, price tags, the banana, and Coca-Cola bottles (Wrbican). His creation of Coca Cola Bottles in 1962 became very popular. 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On average, North Americans drink at least one servingRead MoreGlobalization And The Global World1669 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is something that we see happening all around us. When we walk down the street it is impossible not to have an advertisement for major corporations like Nike, McDonalds, or Coca Cola flashing in front of your face. Everywhere our head turns, commercialism is there. It is unavoidable. The world around us is constantly developing, and that development begins with us. As the world keeps evolving, globalization is considered inevitable. As humans, we naturally strive for success, seekingRead MoreRural Advertising in India2637 Words   |  11 PagesRURAL ADVERTISING IN INDIA ABSTRACT Villages are integral part of the Nation. Rural markets acquired greater importance in countries like India, China, etc. because of economic growth of the nations now highly depend up on the rural economy. 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Tourettes Syndrome in Children Free Essays

Tourette’s syndrome, also called Tourette’s disorder is named after the neurologist, Gilles de la Tourette. Sometimes it is referred to as GTS but more often it is simply called Tourette’s or ‘TS’. It is an inherited neurological disorder marked by movement-based (motor) tics which are abrupt, repetitive, stereotyped, non-rhythmic movements, as well as vocal (verbal or phonic) tics which are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourettes Syndrome in Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tourette’s is defined as part of a spectrum of tic disorders, which includes transient and chronic tics. This disorder may appear in multiple family members, and often appears (co-morbid) with other behavioral disorders, in particular – â€Å"obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)† (Hawley 2008). People with this disorder have normal life expectancy and intelligence, but symptoms can lead to decrease in normal activities (Walkup, Mink Hollenbeck 2006). Tourette’s syndrome, as described in the psychiatric diagnostic tool DSM-IV-TR criteria is â€Å"associated with distress or social or functional impairment† (Hawley 2008). Onset and Diagnosis. The most common first sign to alert people to visit the doctor for a possible presence of Tourette’s is a facial tic such as â€Å"rapidly blinking eyes or twitches of the mouth† (NTSA 2009). Unintended, involuntary sounds such as throat clearing, shrugging or tics of the limbs may be initial signs but in certain case, although rare, the symptoms become abruptly with multiple symptoms of movements and sounds. Chronic tic disorder is diagnosed with the presence of single or multiple tics, and the presence of motor or phonic tics (but not both) which is present for a year or more. On the other hand, Tourette’s which falls under the category of above is diagnosed when there are multiple motor tics occurring at the same time with one phonic tic and is manifested for more than a year. As a general rule, simple motor tics like blinking are first noticed on the child at around 5-10 years old, while vocal tics start manifesting after 8 years old but before the child is 15 years old. Symptoms of the disorder can be seen in infancy but this is a rarity. As a rule, the symptoms may come and go and children show identifiable signs at round 7 years old (Hawley 2008), and before 18-21years old (Black 2007). Studies found the most onset was between 9-14 years of age (Leckman 2003, Black 2007). Another study showed that tics started below 18 years, but 5 relatives had an onset after the age of 21 years. Affected persons will â€Å"blink, jerk, grunt, clear their throats, swing their arms, grasp or clasp others, have obsessive-compulsive behaviors or use verbal expletives (coprolalia) uncontrollably† (Tabers 2001, 2207). In some cases, people suffering from Tourette’s can control the verbal expletives in public but they will express it vigorously once they are in private. Coprolalia, â€Å"the uncontrollable utterance of socially objectionable or taboo words or phrases† is the most popular symptom of Tourette’s but it is not required for a diagnosis hence about 90% of patients afflicted with it only Tourette’s does not have coprolalia. The most common, initially noticed motor tic is eye blinking and the vocal tic is repetitive throat clearing (Black 2007). The disorder often persists throughout the individual’s lifespan but severity peaks in adolescence and thereafter decreases to a point that it is almost not bothersome to the person. This average though can be very misleading because some form of fluctuation or recurrence have been documented although it is not severe. There have also been rare cases that reported a recurrence of tics that is bothersome enough to seek medical attention, and have had to maintain lifelong treatment due to progressively worsening of tic activity (Black 2007). Prevalence. Tourette’s syndrome used to be known as a rare condition but it is now contended by doctors and psychologists that it may be more common but misdiagnosed because some cases are so mild that patients and their families discard it as being an oddity rather than Tourette’s. Most children with TS have mild, barely bothersome, non-disabling symptoms, and it is difficult to distinguish the signs of the disorder as opposed to a child acting out such as Mimicking others, blinking being viewed as tormenting someone who may have done so because they wear glasses, or by doing things that others would view as the child just trying to get attention, therefore, medical attention is not a thought to the parents of the child who is doing these things. In some patients the tics improve and disappear as they grow older; hence, they never seek medical attention. The estimated prevalence is 0. 7-4. 2% (Hawley 2008) based on children checked in public schools. Tourette’s is known to be familial and its prevalence rate in first-degree relatives is 5-15% (about 10 times the prevalence rate in the general population). Chronic motor tics occurring, without vocal tics has also been documented as being common in relatives (Black 2007). In special education programs, 26% of students identified tics, as compared to 6% of students in mainstream classrooms led to identification of co-morbidity with having symptoms of TS included ADHD and OCD (Hawley 2008), impulse control disorders, anxiety and mood disorders, as well as difficulties with living and adaptation (Walkup, Mink Hollenbeck 2006). It is estimated that 1 in 10 children per 1,000 have Tourette’s disorder, and as many as 1 per 100 people may have tic disorders. In children, male to female ratio varies from 2-10:1 (Hawley 2008), boys have an increased prevalence for chronic tics compared to girls in exhibiting 5:1 ratio, although some studies show between 2:1 and 10:1 ratios (Black 2007). If OCD data is included as a variant of Tourette’s, their quantities added to the total, the ratio between boys and girls become equal (Hawley 2008). Causes. Environmental factors may contribute to the cause but up to now exact causes of the disorder is still are not known. The clinical phenomenon are very similar across social classes, ethnicity and culture which suggests a genetic basis and the disorder has been reported globally (Hawley 2008). As children pass through adolescence, the tics decrease in severity and it is extremely rare for Tourette’s to persist in adulthood. Whether the resolution is a compensation of the neuro system or a resolution of the underlying pathology is unclear (Hawley 2008). Adults who show signs of the disorder are likely to have shown symptoms since childhood, although these may have been so mild that they were generally unnoticed and undiagnosed. In the US though, most diagnosed patients being examined at research centers and affiliated with lay organizations are white. But this does not necessarily mean that Caucasians have a predisposition, it may merely be due to differences healthcare-seeking behaviors. A non-genetic cause may also exist and is still under research and investigation. Additional evidence is being gathered regarding the differences in severity between affected twins with the twin having experienced peri-natal complications experiencing increased symptom severity (Hyde 1992, Black 2007). Also garnering much attention is the theory that Tourette’s syndrome may be caused by an abnormal immune response to streptococcal infection. In several documented cases, tics began suddenly after a streptococcal infection. As a result of this the case definition for a â€Å"post-streptococcal autoimmune neuro-psychiatric disorders† came into being (Snider 2003, Black 2007). The difference between other movement disorders such as choreas, dystonias, and dyskinesias and that of Tourette’s – these are â€Å"temporarily suppressible, non-rhythmic and more often than not are preceded by a premonitory urge† (Black 2007). Just before an onset, an afflicted individual feels an urge that is similar to one felt before a sneeze or an itch that needs scratching. This is often pictured as a buildup of tension and energy which they are then able to consciously release so the sensation is relieved. It is further described as â€Å"something stuck in one’s throat, a localized discomfort in the shoulders that leads to the need to clear one’s throat or shrug the shoulders† (Hawley 2008). The actual tic is eventually felt as relieving this tension or sensation, similar to clearing the throat or shrugging the shoulder. This is how â€Å"premonitory sensory phenomena† or premonitory urges are described by sufferers. Medication and Treatment. Often, medication is unnecessary and a safe and effective medication for each and every case of tic is yet to be introduced. There have been medications as well as therapies that help to reduce certain types of tics, but not cure it. In general, the medical management of Tourette’s is the treatment of coexisting behavior symptoms, change in diet, patient and family education. The patient and family are educated regarding how to effectively handle the manifestations of the disorder, and if an effective adaptation is made, they can avoid the use of medications. Medication is only considered when there is substantial interference with social and academic performance, as well as activities of daily living. The target is not for completely eliminating the symptoms but merely to alleviate the social embarrassment and discomfort so as to improve the social and academics life of the child. Various pharmacological agents are used to reduce the symptoms’ severity but it only treats the symptom and often the medications are have neurological effects whereas it has been argued that the disorder is a neurobiological condition. No curative or preventive treatments are atill available for this neurobiological or even biological aspect. There is a growing movement to go against medications because this being a chronic disorder, the goal should be long-term benefit rather than quick improvement at any cost. Families are also getting increasingly worried that the medications might have a detrimental effect in their children, that perhaps in the end, it ‘damages’ them rather than helping. It has been Resources for the child and families are available in several way which include educating students and school personnel regarding the nature the syndrome as well as improving the school environment will help the patient to avoid pharmacotherapy. Parents and families members of a child who has TS can turn to agencies such as the National Tourettes Association, counseling with the doctor’s, videos, and self help books. Reference List Black, Kevin J.. , Webb, Heather. Neurology: Pediatric Neurology: Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders. Mar 30, 2007. Available from eMedicine Specialties at http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/1182258-overview Hawley, Jason S. , Darnall, Carl R. , Gray, Sharette K. Pediatrics: Developmental and Behavioral – Tourette Syndrome. 23 June 2008. Available from eMedicine Specialties at http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/289457-overview. National Tourette Syndrome Association, Inc. Tourette Syndrome: Frequently Asked Questions Website http://www. tsa-usa. org. Available at http://www. tsa-usa. org/Medical/Faqs. html. 2009. Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. Tourette’s Syndrome. (pp. 2207-2208). Philadephia, PA. F. A. Davis Company. 2001. Walkup, John T. , Mink, Jonathan W. , Hollenbeck, Peter J. Edition: Tourette Syndrome. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. 2006. How to cite Tourettes Syndrome in Children, Essay examples

Family Code of the Philippines Faqs Essay Example For Students

Family Code of the Philippines Faqs Essay Disclaimer Content on this web page is informational in nature, not specific legal advice, and someone seeking legal advice should consult with a lawyer licensed in their jurisdiction. Divorce Q. Is foreign divorce between Filipinos recognized in the Philippines? A. No, a foreign divorce between Filipino citizens is not recognized as valid in the Philippines and neither is the marriage contracted with another party subsequent to the foreign decree of divorce entitled to validity (Art. 26, Family Code). Foreign Adoption Q. Can a foreigner adopt a child in the Philippines? A Yes, under Republic Act No. 043 otherwise known as Inter-Country Adoption law, it allows a foreigner to adopt a child in the Philippines. Child Custody Q. In case of separation-in-fact of parents, who has the right of custody over the child? A. No child under seven years of age shall be separated from the mother, unless the court finds compelling reasons to order otherwise (Second paragraph, Art. 213, Family Code). Child Support Q. Can I get support for my child even though I am not married to the father? A. Yes, parents are obliged to support their illegitimate children (Art. 195, Family Code). Nullity of Marriage Q. Do I need a judicial declaration of nullity of a previous marriage before contracting a subsequent marriage? A. Yes, a judicial declaration is needed to determine whether a person is legally free to contract a second marriage to avoid liability for bigamy (Art. 40, Family Code; Mercado v. Tan, G. R. No. 137110, August 1, 2000). Q. May the heirs of a deceased person file a petition for the declaration of nullity of his marriage after his death? A. Yes, the Court may pass upon the validity of marriage even in a suit not directly instituted to question the same so long as it is essential to the determination of the case. Ninal v. Bayadog, G. R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000, 328 SCRA 122). Bigamy Nullity of Marriage Q. Is the pendency of a civil case for declaration of nu llity of marriage a prejudicial question to suspend the criminal case for bigamy? A. No, the prosecution of the criminal case cannot be delayed or frustrated by filing belatedly a judicial declaration of nullity of first marriage. (Bobis v. Bobis, G. R. 138509, July 31, 2000). Psychological Incapacity Q. What do you mean by psychological incapacity as a ground for declaration of nullity of marriage? A. In the Supreme Court Decision entitled, Hernandez v. Court of Appeals and Hernandez, G. R. No. 126010, December 8, 1999, 320 SCRA 76, citing Santos v. Court of Appeals, psychological incapacity was defined as follows: Psychological incapacity should refer to no less than a mental (not physical) incapacity that causes a party to be truly incognitive of the basic marital covenants that concomitantly must be assumed and discharged by the parties to the marriage which, as so expressed by Article 68 of the Family Code, include their mutual obligations to live together, observe love, respect and fidelity and render help and support. There is hardly any doubt that the intendment of the law has been to confine the meaning of psychological incapacity to the most serious cases of personality disorders clearly demonstrative of an utter insensitivity or inability to give meaning and significance to the marriage. This psychological condition must exist at the time the marriage is celebrated. The law does not evidently envision, upon the other hand, an inability of the spouse to have sexual relations with the other. This conclusion is implicit under Article 54 of the Family Code which considers children conceived prior to the judicial declaration of nullity of the void marriage to be legitimate. The other forms of psychoses, if existing at the inception of marriage, like the state of a party being of unsound mind or concealment of drug addiction, habitual alcoholism, homosexuality or lesbianism, merely renders the marriage contract voidable pursuant to Article 46, Family Code. If drug addiction, habitual alcoholism, lesbianism or homosexuality should occur only during the marriage, they become mere grounds for legal separation under Article 55 of the Family Code. These provisions of the Code, however, do not necessarily preclude the possibility of these various circumstances being themselves, depending on the degree and severity of the disorder, indicia of psychological incapacity. Until further statutory and jurisprudential parameters are established, every circumstance that may have some bearing on the degree, extent, and other onditions of that incapacity must, in every case, be carefully examined and evaluated so that no precipitate and indiscriminate nullity is peremptorily decreed. The well-considered opinions of psychiatrists, psychologists, and persons with expertise in psychological disciplines might be helpful or even desirable. Further, the Supreme Court cited Republic of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, to wit: The root cause of the psycho logical incapacity must be: (a) medically or clinically identified, (b) alleged in the complaint, (c) sufficiently proven by the experts and (d) clearly explained in the decision. Article 36 of the Family Code requires that the incapacity must be psychological not physical, although its manifestations and/or symptoms may be physical. The evidence must convince the court that the parties, or one of them, was mentally or physically ill to such an extent that the person could not have known the obligations he was assuming or knowing them, could not have given valid assumption thereof. Although no example of such incapacity need be given here so as not to limit the application of the provision under principle of ejusdem generis (citing Salita v. Magtolis, supra) nevertheless such root cause must be identified as a psychological illness and its incapacitating nature fully explained. Expert evidence may be given by qualified psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. Inheritance of Adopted Children Q. What is the share of the legitimate parents or ascendants if they concur with an adopted child as regards the estate of the adopter? A. The adopted shall exclude the legitimate parents or ascendants as they are declared to be legitimate children of the adopter according to Art. 89, Family Code. Surnames Q. Can an illegitimate child use the surname of his father? A. As a rule, illegitimate children shall use the surname and shall be under the parental authority of their mother (Article 176, Family Code). However, as an exception, illegitimate children may use the fathers surname if there has been an acknowledgement/recognition by the father (Art. 172, Family Code; DOJ Opinion No. 4, S. 1998). Change of First Name Q. What are the grounds for change of first name or nickname without a judicial order? A. Republic Act No. 048 dated March 22, 2001 provides the grounds for change of first name or nickname, to wit: 1. The petitioner finds the first name or nickname to be ridiculous, tainted with dishonor or merely difficult to write or pronounce; 2. The new first name or nickname has been habitually and continuously used by the petitioner and he has been publicly known by that first name or nickname in the community or; 3. The change will avoid confusion. Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 9048 Q What is the National Statistics Office Administrative Order No. 1, Series of 2001 (July 24, 2001)? A It is the implementing rules and regulations of RA 9048 which provides for the correction of clerical or typographical errors and change of first name or nickname. Q Who are authorized to correct clerical or typographical error and to change first name or nickname? A The city/municipal civil registrar, Consul General, including the Clerk of the Sharia Court in his capacity as District or Circuit Registrar of Muslim Marriages, Divorces, Revocations of Divorces and Conversions, are hereby authorized to correct clerical or typographical error and to change name or nickname in the civil registrar. Q What is a clerical or typographical error under the IRR? A It refers to a mistake committed in the performance of clerical work in writing, copying, transcribing or typing an entry in the civil register that is harmless and innocuous, such as misspelled name or misspelled place of birth or the like, which is visible to the eyes or obvious to the understanding, and can be corrected or changed only by reference to other existing record or records: Provided, however, That no correction must involve the change of nationality, age, status or sex of the petitioner. Q Who may file the petition? A Any person of legal age, having direct and personal interest in the correction of a clerical or typographical error in an entry and/or change of first name or nickname in the civil register, may file the petition. A person is considered to have direct and personal interest when he is the owner of the record, or the owners spouse, children, parents, brothers, sisters, grandparents, guardian, or any other person duly authorized by law or by the owner of the document sought to be corrected: Provided, however, That when a person is a minor or physically or mentally incapacitated, the petition may be filed on his behalf by his spouse, or any of his children, parents, brothers, sisters, grandparents, guardians, or persons duly authorized by law. Q What is the form and content of the petition? A The petition shall be in the prescribed form of an affidavit, subscribed and sworn to before any person authorized by law to administer oath. The affidavit shall set forth facts necessary to establish the merits of the petition and shall show affirmatively that the petitioner is competent to testify to the matters stated. The petitioner shall state the particular erroneous entry or entries sought to be corrected or the first name sought to be changed, and the correction or change to be made. Q Where can you file the petition? A The verified petition may be filed, in person, with the Local Civil Registry Office (LCRO) of the city or municipality or with the Office of the Clerk of the Sharia Court as the case may be, where the record containing the clerical or typographical error to be corrected, or first name to be changed, is registered. When the petitioner had already migrated to another place within the Philippines and it would not be practical for such party, in terms of transportation expenses, time and effort to appear in person before the Record-Keeping Civil Registrar (RKCR), the petition may be filed, in person, with the Petition-Receiving Civil Registrar (PRCR) of the place where the migrant petitioner is residing or domiciled. Any person whose civil registry record was registered in the Philippines, or in any Philippine Consulate, but who is presently residing or domiciled in a foreign country, may file the petition, in person, with the nearest Philippine Consulate, or in accordance with Rule 3 thereof. Law on Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) Q What is the ECCD Act? A The ECCD Act is the institutionalization of a National System for Early Childhood Care and Development that is comprehensive, integrative and sustainable, that involves multisectoral and inter-agency collaboration at the national and local levels among government; among services providers, families and communities; and among the public and private sectors, non-government organizations, professional associations, and academic institutions. This system shall promote the inclusion of children with special needs and advocate respect for cultural diversity. It shall be anchored on complementary strategies for ECCD that include service delivery for children from conception to age six (6), educating parents and caregivers, encouraging the active involvement of parents and communities in ECCD programs, raising awareness about the importance of ECCD, and promoting community development efforts that improve the quality of life for young children and families. Same Sex Marriages EssayA The rules shall apply to all officials and employees in government, whether in the Career or Non-Career service and holding any level of position, including Presidential appointees and elective officials regardless of status, in the national or local government, state colleges and universities, including government-owned or controlled corporations, with original charters. Q Under the Rules, what is the definition of the administrative offense of sexual harassment? A The administrative offense of sexual harassment is an act, or a series of acts, involving any unwelcome sexual advance, request or demand for a sexual favor, or other verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature, committed by a government employee or official in a work-related, training or education related environment of the person complained of. Q What is work-related sexual harassment? A Work-related sexual harassment is committed under the following circumstances: . Submission to or rejection of the act or series of acts is used as a basis for any employment decision (including, but not limited to, matters related to hiring, promotion, raise in salary, job security, benefits and any other personnel action) affecting the applicant/employee; or 2. The act or series of acts have the purpose or effect of interfering with the complainants work performance, or creating an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment; or 3. The act or series of acts might reasonably be expected to cause discrimination, insecurity, discomfort, offense or humiliation to a complainant who may be a co-employee, applicant, customer, or ward of the person complained of. Q What is education or training-related sexual harassment? A Education or training-related sexual harassment is committed against one who is under the actual or constructive care, custody or supervision of the offender, or against one whose education, training, apprenticeship, internship or tutorship is directly or constructively entrusted to, or is provided by, the offender, when: . Submission to or rejection of the act or series of acts is used as a basis for any decision affecting the complainant, including, but not limited to, the giving of a grade, the granting of honors or a scholarship, the payment of a stipend or allowance, or the giving of any benefit, privilege or consideration. 2. The act or series of acts have the purpose or effect of interfering with the performance, or creating an intimidating, hostile or offensive academic environment of the complainant; or 3. The act or series of acts might reasonably be expected to cause discrimination, insecurity, discomfort, offense or humiliation to a complainant who may be a trainee, apprentice, intern, tutee or ward of the person complained of. Q What are the forms of sexual harassment? A The following are illustrative forms of sexual harassment: a. ) Physical a. 1) Malicious touching a. 2) Overt sexual advances a. 3) Gestures with lewd insinuation b. ) Verbal, such as but not limited to, requests or demands for sexual favors, and lurid remarks c. ) Use of objects, pictures or graphics, letters or written notes with sexual underpinnings . ) Other forms analogous to the foregoing. Q Who are the persons liable for sexual harassment? A Any government official or employee, regardless of sex, is liable for sexual harassment when he/she: a. ) directly participates in the execution of any act of sexual harassment as defined by the Rules; b. ) induces or directs another or others to commit sexual harass ment as defined by the Rules; c. ) cooperates in the commission of sexual harassment by another through an act without which the sexual harassment would not have been accomplished; d. cooperates in the commission of sexual harassment by another through previous or simultaneous acts. Q In what places may sexual harassment happen? A Sexual harassment may take place 1. In the premises of the workplace or office or of the school or training institution; 2. In any place where the parties were found as a result of work or education or training responsibilities or relations; 3. At work or education or training related social functions; 4. While on official business outside the office or school or training institution or during work or school or training-related travel; . At official conferences, fora, symposia or training sessions; 6. Or by telephone, cellular phone, fax machine or electronic mail. Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act of 1992 Q What constitutes child abuse? A Under Republic Act 7610 dated August 1992, child abuse is defined as the maltreatment of the child whether habitual or not, and which may be committed in various forms. Article 1, Section 3 (b) of R. A. 7610 provides for the following instances: 1. Psychological and physical abuse, neglect, cruelty, sexual abuse and emotional maltreatment; 2. Any act by deeds or words which debases, degrades or demeans the intrinsic worth and dignity of a child as a human being; 3. Unreasonable deprivation of his basic needs for survival, such as food and shelter; or, 4. Failure to immediately give medical treatment to an injured child resulting in serious impairment of his growth and development and in his permanent incapacity or death. 5. Further, under . R. A 7610, child abuse per se, is not punished as a distinct and separate crime but is subsumed by ordinary crimes. International Child Abduction Q What is the Hague Convention on International Child Abduction? A The Hague Convention on International Child Abduction is concerned with international situations the objective of which is to secure the prompt return of children wrongfully removed to, or retained in any Contracting State; and that respect will be ensured for rights of custody and access existing under the law of one Contracting State in other Contracting States. The first paragraph of the Preamble of the Convention also announces how the States parties are concerned that the interests of children are of paramount importance in matters relating in the custody. Q When shall the removal or the retention of a child be considered wrongful? A The removal or the retention of a child is to be considered wrongful where: 1. It is in breach of rights of custody attributed to a person, an institution or any other body, either jointly or alone, under the law of the State in which the child was habitually resident immediately before the removal or retention; and 2. At the time of removal or retention those rights were actually exercised, either jointly or alone, or would have been so exercised but for the removal or retention. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Q What is the guiding principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child? A The Convention in its Preamble, affirms the fact that children possess inherent dignity and human rights, but their physical and mental immaturity make them vulnerable to abuse and exploitation. It emphasizes the need to provide children with special care and assistance including legal protection before and after birth. This statement gives direction to issues concerning the right to life of the unborn. It likewise recognizes the role of community traditions and cultural values in shaping the character of the child. Q What is the definition of a child under the Convention? A The Convention sets the standard definition of children to be those persons who are below (18) years of age. However, the Convention also recognizes the fact that in some States, the age of majority may be attained earlier as dictated by their cultures. In the same manner, the age of majority also varies according to the assumption of responsibility as provided by law. It is also a guiding principle that: 1. States Parties shall respect and ensure the rights set forth in the resent Convention to each child within their jurisdiction without discrimination of any kind, irrespective of the childs or his or her parents or legal guardians race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic, or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status. 2. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the child is protected against all forms of discrimination or punishment on th e basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of the childs parents, legal guardians, or family members. . All efforts and actions taken by the State shall consider at all times the best interests of the child. Q Can a child under seven (7) years of age be separated from the mother? A A child under seven (7) years of age shall not be separated from the mother, unless the court finds compelling reasons to order otherwise. (Article 213, E. O. 209, as amended; Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575 ). Illegitimate Children Q Who are considered illegitimate children under the Family Code? A Children conceived and born outside a valid marriage are illegitimate. An illegitimate child shall use the surname of the mother. Section 5 of the Civil Registry law requires that the birth certificate of the illegitimate child shall be signed and sworn to jointly his/her parents or only by the mother if the father refuses. It further provides that in the latter case, it shall not be permissible to state or reveal in the document the name of the father who refuses to acknowledge the child or to give therein any information by which such father could be identified. An illegitimate child, however, can establish the illegitimate filiation, if impugned, under the Family Code. Under Article 176 of the Family Code the illegitimate child shall always be under the parental authority of the mother and shall be entitled to support in conformity with the Code. The legitime of the illegitimate child shall consist of one-half of the legitime of a legitimate child. The child can present a judicial declaration or a record of birth or show the admission of filiation in a public document or a private handwritten instrument by the parent concerned. In the absence thereof, the open and continuous possession of illegitimate filiation or other means allowed by the Rules of Court may be presented. Artificial Insemination Q What does the Family Code provide on artificial insemination? A- The Family Code provides as follows, to wit: Art. 164. Children conceived or born during the marriage of the parents are legitimate. Children conceived as a result of artificial insemination of the wife with sperm of the husband or that of donor or both are likewise legitimate children of the husband and his wife, provided, that both of them authorized or ratified such insemination in a written instrument executed and signed by them before the birth of the child. The instrument shall be recorded in the civil registry together with birth certificate of the child. Foreign Marriages of Philippine Citizens Q What is the status of a Filipino citizen who is married to a foreigner and subsequently, divorce is obtained abroad by the alien spouse? A Where a marriage between a Filipino citizen and a foreigner is validly celebrated and a divorce is thereafter validly obtained abroad by the alien spouse capacitating him or her to remarry, the Filipino spouse shall likewise have capacity to remarry under Philippine law (2nd paragraph, Article 26, Family Code as amended by Executive Order No. 227 dated July 17, 1987). Q What are the exceptions to Executive Order No. 227 dated July 17, 1987? A The said Executive Order does not apply to the following: 1. To a divorce obtained by a Filipino abroad from his or her Filipino spouse, which divorce is void because divorce is not allowed in the Philippines, and a Filipino citizen is governed by his nationality law which follows him wherever he goes. (Article 15, Civil Code). 2. To a divorce obtained by a former Filipino citizen who had been naturalized in another country after his naturalization.

Pop Culture Essays (1122 words) - American People Of German Descent

Pop Culture In Risk and Blame, Anthropologist Mary Douglas describes the cultural basis for witch hunts in traditional societies. Whether the witch is able to do harm or not, the attribution of a hidden power to hurt is a weapon of attack against them....A successful accusation is one that has enough credibility for a public outcry to remove the opportunity of repeating the damage. A moral panic starts with an unspeakable tragedy which sparks an attempt to ascribe blame and responsibility. Initially, accusations flow freely but focus on those targets who are already the subject of anxiety. Once one accusation sticks, it becomes easier to pile on charges. Our rush to judgement overwhelms our ability to rationally assess the evidence. Our need to take action supersedes our ability to anticipate consequences. Moral panic shuts down self-examination at the very moment when real problems demand careful consideration. Several weeks after the shootings at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, the United States Senate Commerce Committee launched a series of hearings, chaired by Sen. Sam Brownback ,on the marketing of violent entertainment to children. Introducing the investigation, Brownback explained, We are not here to point fingers but to identify the causes of cultural pollution and seek solutions. The phrase, cultural pollution, of course, already presumed a consensus that popular culture was a worthless iritant which was to blame for various social harms. Brownback was prepared to sweep aside constitutional protections: We are having endless debates about First and Second Amendment rights while our children are being killed and traumatized. Brownback focused his ire on forms of popular culture that met youth rather than adult tastes: I am willing to bet that there aren't many adults who are huge fans of teen slasher movies or the music of Cannibal Corpse and Marilyn Manson. Sen. Orin H atch declared Manson's music tremendously offensive to everyone in America who thinks, a category that seemingly does not include a significant number of high school and college students. William Bennett, former Secretary of Education and self-proclaimed guardian of American virtue, called on Congress to make meaningful distinctions between works that used violence to tell a larger story such as Braveheart, Saving Private Ryan, or Clear and Present Danger, and works that gratuitously exploited violence, such as The Basketball Diaries, Cruel Intentions, or Scream. His commonsense distinction was at heart an ideological one, separating works that offered adult perspectives from those which expressed youth concerns. Though they understood the hearings as a ritual humiliation of the entertainment industries, the senators were feeding a cultural war which was more and more focused on teenagers. As a GOP operative Mike Murphy explained in that week's Time, we need Goth control, not gun control. Hatch engaged in homophobic banter about whether Manson was a he or a she while Brownback accused members of the Goth subculture of giving themselves over to the dark side. Such comments reinforced bigotry and fear. Adult fears about popular culture were being transfered towards those people who consumed it. The Goths were a relatively small subculture whose members drew inspiration from Romantic literature and constructed their personal identity by borrowing from the iconography of the horror film and S/M pornography. The group could claim a twenty year history without much public attention because they had previously not been associated with violent crime. However, the Columbine shooters had been mistaking ly identified in some early news reports as Goths and as a result, this group had been singled out in the post-Littleton backlash. From the outset, Congress was unlikely to set federal policies to regulate media content, which would not have sustained constitutional scrutiny. They counted on public pressure to intimidate the entertainment industry into voluntarily withdrawing controversial works from circulation. Manson canceled some concerts. MGM stopped selling The Basketball Diaries. The Warner Brothers Network withheld the airing of the season finale of Buffy the Vampire Slayer until midsummer. The biggest impact of the moral panic, however, would be felt in the schools - both public and private - as teachers and administrators increasingly saw their students as threats to public safety and suspected popular culture of turning good kids into brutal monsters. Online journalist Jon Katz's remarkable series, Voices from the Hellmouth, circulated hundreds

Free Essays on Drugs And Behavior

Activities and Observations Throughout the course of the last three weeks, the phrase â€Å"moderation is the key† is one that in the end proves itself correct. Excess of any activity can lead to negative consequences, especially when it comes to drug and alcohol use. One might claim that is just common sense that having too much fun will catch up with you. It is the inevitable. However, I have learned through this class that it takes more than just ‘common sense’ to recognize a potential problem. By recording the daily activities of my social life I have actual written proof of what is considered ‘having too much fun’. By having to monitor the consumption, cost, and consequences of the drug and alcohol use around me made me see my social circle and myself from a different perspective. From the dates of September 2 – September 22, my drug log kept me very busy. I kept record of my social life and any thing drug-related. The instructions for the first week of the drug log were to monitor drug-related activity as I normally would encounter them. I was excited to keep the log because it seemed very interesting and I was hoping maybe I would learn something from it. I knew my friends and I socialized frequently and thought at first jotting down our use of alcohol and drugs would be funny. We all know that sometimes we get excessive with partying but we just attribute it to being ‘a crazy night’. I don’t think we have ever taken into account of the reality of what we do. A lot of people make jokes about their drinking and developing addiction problems but no one ever talks about it seriously. There are a few people who everyone knows drinks too much, but that is usually phrased as ‘he or she parties hard’. From Monday September 2nd through Sunday September 8th, the only day that I refrained from using was Sunday. I felt very sick from the previous night, but looking back at the entries now I realize it was from the e... Free Essays on Drugs And Behavior Free Essays on Drugs And Behavior Activities and Observations Throughout the course of the last three weeks, the phrase â€Å"moderation is the key† is one that in the end proves itself correct. Excess of any activity can lead to negative consequences, especially when it comes to drug and alcohol use. One might claim that is just common sense that having too much fun will catch up with you. It is the inevitable. However, I have learned through this class that it takes more than just ‘common sense’ to recognize a potential problem. By recording the daily activities of my social life I have actual written proof of what is considered ‘having too much fun’. By having to monitor the consumption, cost, and consequences of the drug and alcohol use around me made me see my social circle and myself from a different perspective. From the dates of September 2 – September 22, my drug log kept me very busy. I kept record of my social life and any thing drug-related. The instructions for the first week of the drug log were to monitor drug-related activity as I normally would encounter them. I was excited to keep the log because it seemed very interesting and I was hoping maybe I would learn something from it. I knew my friends and I socialized frequently and thought at first jotting down our use of alcohol and drugs would be funny. We all know that sometimes we get excessive with partying but we just attribute it to being ‘a crazy night’. I don’t think we have ever taken into account of the reality of what we do. A lot of people make jokes about their drinking and developing addiction problems but no one ever talks about it seriously. There are a few people who everyone knows drinks too much, but that is usually phrased as ‘he or she parties hard’. From Monday September 2nd through Sunday September 8th, the only day that I refrained from using was Sunday. I felt very sick from the previous night, but looking back at the entries now I realize it was from the e...

A Between Soldiers Home by Ernest Hemingway and Speaking of Courage by Tim OBrien

A Between Soldier's Home by Ernest Hemingway and Speaking of Courage by Tim O'Brien Sometimes the hardest part of going to war is coming home. In the two short stories, â€Å"Soldiers Home† by Ernest Hemingway and â€Å"Speaking of Courage† by Tim O’Brien, each of the characters Krebs and Berlin show the difficulties it has on a soldier returning home from war. Both characters illustrate how hard it can be to adjust to a normal lifestyle compared to the life that they had overseas or the one that they had before they left for war. However, each story differs when looking at how they deal with the aftereffects and who they confide in about the difficulties of war. In a â€Å"Soldier’s Home† when Krebs returns home he has this need to talk to someone but doesn’t know how to approach people about it. Whereas in â€Å"Speaking of Courage† Berlin has the choice to speak of the difficulties and hardships of war honestly, but he chooses not to because he doesn’t want to bother anyone. Each of the characters exhibit fo rms of PTSD and how the war put many hardships in their lives when they returned home. Although, the stories have many differences they also share many similarities about the effects of war. In a â€Å"Soldier’s Home† by Ernest Hemingway before Krebs became a soldier he had a pretty normal life, he was in a fraternity where all the men involved wore the same kind of shirt in the same style. With this, it showed that he had friends who accepted him and a healthy social life. When Krebs was away in war it is discussed that the fellows soldiers â€Å"look too big for their uniforms†. The idea of â€Å"outgrowing† a uniform is a pattern that we consecutively see throughout the short story. Krebs eventually hypothetically speaking outgrew his uniform in the fraternity when he went away to war. Where we see this pattern again is when Krebs is away in war and he eventually begins to outgrow his uniform and returns home from war. In the article â€Å"Where Do We Go From Here? by Trout, Steven he discusses how â€Å"it turned out, many former soldiers, including some of the most decorated of the war, were not up to the challenge of reentering civilia n life without support, economic, or otherwise†. Krebs realized that once he did return to the civilian world that he was on his own, he wouldn’t be able to truly discuss the causality of the war and the experiences that he went through. When Krebs returned home from war this is when we began to see how he was more isolated with those around him, it shows that he was impacted by war and what he saw. When he came home from war it was about late summer, he would sleep late in bed, he would walk to the library, eat lunch at home, he’d walk around town by himself, and then he’d spend the remainder of the night in the pool room. He spends most of his days alone with the exemptions of the times he sees his family. He also is constantly reminding himself of the things that he saw while he was at war. PTSD has the effect of returning military members to disregard their previous social lives to try and narrow the psychological effects of war. We also see this when Krebs wants to be associated with people, but he does not want to have to deal with the stress that comes with it because â€Å"here at home it was all too complicated†(Hemingway 168). After looking into articles based on how Krebs felt when returning home from war it came across the article that further discussed his need to talk about war. Krebs feelings about the war are constantly changing, in the arti cle Soldiers’ Voices in In Our TIme: Hemingway’s Ventriloquism by Milton A. Cohen, it goes into talk about how â€Å"his compulsive need to talk to someone†. Krebs is constantly looking for someone to listen to the stories of war that he encountered, but since it was so late when he returned home everyone thought they had heard it all. As the story continues we see a change in the way that Krebs talks to his sister compared to how he talks to his mother. Krebs has a new view on the world after being in the war for so long he has a hard time adjusting to his life back home and has a hard time controlling what he says because he has a fear of losing those he loves. At the time these scenes take place it is painful to hear how hurt he is to the point he has to tell his own mother that he doesn’t love her. In the article Performative Patterns in Hemingway’s â€Å"Soldier’s Home† by Ruben De Baerdemaeker it goes into discuss how â€Å"Krebs disavows being in God’s Kingdom, and emotionally distances himself from his mother and the world she represents†. When Krebs tells his mother that he does not love her, he quickly realizes that what he said was an accident. Krebs knew that what he has said was wrong, and after saying this, he tries to give reasons for himself but could not se em to come up with an exact answer. He then tries to say that what he said was a mistake and that it came out the wrong way. He couldn’t explain that he didn’t want to lose her, so he was trying to express himself to seek to keep her away from his life because he feels he is damaged. Psychologically Krebs has been changed because of the war, and he tries to get used to his social surroundings, which is now different and complicated to him. We also see these similarities in â€Å"Speaking of Courage† where the main character Norman Bowker has a hard time adjusting to a normal life after returning home from the war too. We can see this when he â€Å"followed the tar road on its seven-mile loop around the lake, then he started all over again, driving slowly† (Tim O’Brien). Norman realizes that he has nowhere to go at this point and turns to driving and reminiscing about his days before war. Bowker wants to talk to someone about what happened to him at war, but he has no one to talk to about anything. He also thinks about conversations that he would have with people about what happened, about the medals that he got awarded to him, but he also wanted to tell those the he was a coward, that he wasn’t brave. In the article Tim O’Brien and the Art of the True War Story by Timmerman, John H. goes into detail about how if people would have listened to Bowker â€Å"people would have heard, if o nly they had listened, was Norman Bowker’s story of he had courage, of how he almost saved his friend Kiowa, except for the terrible sink in the field. His father was the appropriate one to initiate the hearing, for his father also knew the truth of war†. Norman has a hard time accepting what happened to him, about all the changes in the town that happened to him. He can’t accept the fact that what happened to his friend was purely an accident and that if he would have stayed he would have been gone too, that he deserved all of the medals that he received in war. Bowker is clearly in a state of stress that is causing to constantly revisit the incident that happened with his friend, this is otherwise known as PTSD. There was a study produced, published online Sept. 17 in JAMA Psychiatry, that conducted the theory that PTSD can cause listlessness and emotional detachment. Which we see in both of the characters in the two short stories. Krebs and Bowker each have a difficult time adjusting to life outside of war; they have a hard time adjusting to the lifestyle that they knew before which results in them wanting to be alone a lot of the time. Although these characters have a lot of similarities, they also have differences such as the type of war they fought in and how they can talk about it and who they have to talk about it when they return home. The differences of these two short stories were when they soldiers returned home and how the circumstances where. When Krebs returned home from war, it wasn’t right for him to talk about the war and his experiences. He returned home from war so late compared to the other soldiers they thought they had heard everything that had happened and they thought it was weird that Krebs was returning so late after the war was over. Krebs eventually started lying about his experiences to get the attention of those around him, but this resulted in becoming sick whenever he told a lie. In an article posted by the Perelman School of Medicine, it is said that one of the most common side effects of PTSD is changes in mood and cognition, where the person affected by this has exaggerated negative beliefs, and self blame for the traumatic event, detachment from others loss of interest persistent negative emotional state, reduced ability to feel positives emotions. Krebs has a hard accepting what has changed and his inability to find satisfaction in what is around him, especially women whom he finds necessary to get close to because it is far too complicated. As much as Krebs believes in the truth, people around him force him to lie. The story precisely manifests the conflict between Krebs value, which has dramatically changed after his war experience and society expectation toward him to conform to its traditional values. Eventually to maintain his existence Krebs has to choose isolation by detaching himself from social relations, love, religion and ambition. Harold Krebs returned from the war with an inability to love and determined to avoid complications which include lying. But his life is getting complicated already, when he was welcomed by the society people to be listened to at all he had to lie. As the story goes Krebs has to lie again while trying to be attached to his family. Krebs still has some relationship with his family as he is still in touch with his sister, but otherwise he has distanced himself from almost anyone and anything around him. Whereas Bowker has a hard time adjusting to his new lifestyle and talking to those around him, he has started losing those relationships that he once had because he has a hard time adjusting to his new life. Norman Bowker wanted to have conversations with people, but instead of talking he had imaginary conversations with people because he doesn’t know how to actually have them. Bowker had these conversations with people because he doesn’t know how to actually have them. He is afraid of what people might say and do because now that he has returned home from war his life is diverse. He feels as though all the people he wants to have these conversations with are wrapped up in their own lives, and he feels that his issues aren’t important enough to bother them or that they wouldn’t understand them. He has this whole imaginary conversations with his father, whose approval is significant to him, he thinks about how they’d talk about all the medals that he had received in the war. He thinks about how he believes his father would celebrate how courageous and brave that he was in the war, although he feels he was not he thinks of himself as a coward because he à ¢â‚¬Å"almost† won the silver star for valor. He has repeatedly thought about this conversation that h would have because he has thought about how his father would react and what he would say to him.

Managerial Finance in a Health Spa Resort Assignment

Managerial Finance in a Health Spa Resort - Assignment Example In the face of looming competition, the company has decided to revamp its operations and in this respect formulate a suitable strategy, taking into account the escalating demand for the services provided by the Health and Beauty sector in the leisure industry, with the aim of sustaining growth and strengthening its market share. â€Å"The method a company uses to expand its business is largely contingent upon its financial situation, the competition and even government regulation. Some common growth strategies in business include market penetration, market expansion, product expansion, diversification and acquisition†. (Suttle, R., 2012) The following important issues have been identified, in connection with the strategies to be evolved, during the discussions at board level. Better marketing and cost reduction exercises could not improve profitability dramatically as the company in these cases cannot push beyond certain limits. The idea of bringing down the debt level, so that the company can plow back the profits generated for investment, is not consistent with the objectives of growth and increasing market share, which calls for new investment. The company needs to think about new strategies to improve profitability and market share. It is in this backdrop, the following strategies have been put forward for consideration after discussion between the board and the management team. This paper seeks to analyze the above strategies and advise the company with regard to the advantages and critical issues related to the strategies put forward and the strategy best suited for the company for achieving its objectives of growth and increase in market share in the long run. It is proposed to acquire the assets of the company New You. Smith, H.T.J. & Moraitis, T. (2009, p.86) state â€Å"The traditional logic of an acquisition is based on inter-assets synergies that are expected to arise when the merged organizations can support activities more proï ¬ tably in combination than they could separately.† New You is a major player in  the industry with a market share of 28% as given in Exhibit 1.  

The Greatest Challenges Facing Marketers as they Enter International Essay

The Greatest Challenges Facing Marketers as they Enter International Markets - Essay Example 2.3 Socio-cultural paradigms The rapid globalization has created a pluralistic society with diverse needs and requirement. Ennis (2009) believes that socio-cultural imperatives have become the decisive factor in the consumption of goods and services. Indeed, the market strategy must respond to the new culturally diverse system rather than focus only on the product. It is for this reason that firms need to promote their goods and services within a culturally sensitive environment. Nokia advertisements are prime examples which include diversity in their advertisements that are instant hit across the globe. McDonald’s includes the taste of the local population in its burgers and customizes it to cater to the changing demands of its consumers. 2.4 New environment compulsions and sustainable development In the contemporary times, environment conservation and sustainable business practice have emerged as key components of competitive advantage (Slack & Lewis, 2002). The companies en tering new markets must become proactive participants in the conservation and preservation of environment and promote sustainable business practices. Hybrid cars by General Motors and Suzuki are increasingly becoming popular because of their environment friendly features. Bodyshop uses raw materials obtained through sustainable business practices etc. and highlights the need for sustainable development. 2.5 Technology Technology has greatly facilitated business growth with its application in various arenas of business and provided it with flexibility and speed to meet the fast changing preferences of the customers. While it has helped new product development and expedited the... Fast advancing technology and globalization have become critical elements for marketers as they are intrinsically linked to growth as well as empowerment for consumers across the geographical boundary. The needs of consumers are increasing being influenced by various external factors which not only influence their purchase decisions but also force the marketers to innovate and adopt flexible approach to meet their changing preferences. It is believed that marketing is increasingly being conceptualized as an organizational philosophy or â€Å"an approach to doing business†. As a result, consumer not only expects more from the product and companies but the company also needs to conform to their changing requirements vis-à  -vis macro-environment factors and strengthen their position through effective communication techniques. These are major challenges that help the firms to strengthen their market position when they expand globally.

Integrated Marketing Communications Essay Example for Free

Integrated Marketing Communications Essay Answer1: The Vocalpoint program launched by PG was a well sought out mean to market the products by using the word of mouth marketing strategy. Inclusion of the mothers from around the country was a cunning decision made by the managers at PG the reason for this being was that mothers are the ones who usually purchase the products for the household or domestic use so convincing them and then make them work in marketing the new offering so an immaculate move by the management of PG. Another benefit which PG gained by devising this Vocalpoint program was that, housewives are hard to target as they do not use technology that often, rather they spend a big part of their leisure time in gossiping with their friends hence the best possible way to market the offerings to them was by this word of mouth publicity. PG earned pretty much short term and long term benefits by applying this strategy; the most outstanding one was that launching this program helped the firm in increasing the sales by a considerable extent which obviously is the sole aim of launching any marketing campaign. In addition to this external clients of PG also earned huge profits by using this program and so as a result PG got its share in the profits, this amount was as higher as 1 million USD. The job of the RD department got less hectic as it was able to get the desired feedback on the latest products; this was helpful for it in making changes to the existing products and also to the ones which are undergoing the process of development. One of the long term benefits which came to PG’s way as a result of this program was that it got a solid loyal customer base on which it can capitalize in the forthcoming years. The ‘connect and develop† program of PG also got immense support as a result of this program and the marketing intelligence of the company overall increased. Better customer relationship management is also one aspect of the Vocalpoint program which was advantageous for the firm because it helped the managers in comprehending the consumer’s mindset and thus forecasting the consumers’ behavior became easily. The customers on the other hand became increasingly brand loyal to the company as they were getting tailor made products for themselves because PG was able to understand their latent and covert needs in an adept manner like no one else was doing. The overall impact of this project on the position of the firm was immaculate as it was a win-win situation for the company; the managers were getting the ins and outs of the target market in no time whatsoever so the overall time consumed in the processes of product development got reduced. This decrease in the overall product development time acted as a competitive advantage for the managers as they were able to deliver the market with the products it wanted in much lesser time than the competitors. Another addition was that the managers at the firm were getting customer generated feedback on the latest products and that too in negligible time so this enabled them to alter their strategies if needed be; the consumer on the other hand were liking this as they were getting tailor-made products for their usage (Sirgy 1998). Answer2: Analyzing from the business perspective one has to say that the programs such as Vocalpoint and Tremor must go on as they are beneficial for the businesses in the longer run and same is the case with PG. Having said that one has to admit that these projects and programs are certainly not the ones, which are based on the ethical principles and norms laid by the society. In my opinion there are various ethical issues which are present in such kind of WoM programs. The first and the foremost being is that the person to whom the offering is being marketed is unaware of the reality he is perceiving the interaction as a social one but in general the other person is acting as a sales person for a specific firm. My objection regarding this is that if a person is being marketed something then he must have prior knowledge of this. For me there is a thin line between marketing and deceiving and this difference has to be understood by the firms and the marketing managers; if there are ample ethical ways of marketing then what is the point in using the deceptive means? Another issue in my opinion is that by hiring or deploying WoM marketers the managers are making the society increasingly materialistic even the sacred relationships like friendship etc are being used just as an asset and even that without the other person being aware of this all. Objectifying the society is one thing which to me is intolerable and as this eventually ruins the whole basic structure of the civilization which really is denting in terms of the future perspectives. Considering the Tremor program I can firmly state that this was one project on which I have serious reservations; the reason for this being is that PG was using minors (children under 18 years ) to market its products; this is one ridiculous way of marketing. The reason for this is that this is the age where the person learns the most, from its society and surroundings and if the society is indulged in inducing the materialistic thoughts in kids then this will be injurious for the entire social setup; this is the stage at which the children must be taught how to honor and value the relationships but such deceptive marketing projects destroys the whole brought up of a child. One legal issue which too arises as a result of the inclusion of minors in the marketing programs is that these kids are underage legally so they cannot be made a part of any marketing project without the prior consent of their guardians (Malachowski 2001); this is one thing which was completely neglected by the managers at PG and hence they violated the rules and regulations laid by the government. In the Tremor programs the minors were not allowed to tell the reality to the person to which they are interacting this is something which is immoral and to me for this the firm has to be penalized; can we teach our younger generations to indulge into immoral activities just for the sake of money? This is a million dollar question which has to be answered by the managers at PG. The Tremor program targeted the minors too which is also an unethical way of making business the reason for this is that the underage people are immature hence they cannot make decisions for themselves (Malachowski 2001); influencing a buyer’s decision by using rational marketing ploys is a justifiable act but making the kids addict by using deceptive means and backdoor channels has to be abandoned as this certainly is not favorable for the social composition. In sum commercialization of human relationships is one thing which must be stopped by the marketing managers if someone is indulging in WoM marketing of a firm then he should disclose his affiliation as this is beneficial for the society; involving money in the activities of daily life will hurt the society in the longer run. In the Vocalpoint program the managers at PG were looking to select the mothers which are more social; the main reason behind this move was that, as mother is the most sacred and trustworthy relationship in this universe so mothers enjoy a unique position in the society; using their social stature for the marketing purposes was an unreasonable attempt. Answer 3:  The value of WoM is immense in the present global marketing scenario, the primary reason for this is that due to the increase in the globalization the nature of the competition has increased exponentially and so to do business and earn profits a firm has to market it’s offering to the target buyers. With the increase in the intensity of competition and technology the media of marketing have too increased and thus in such an overall marketing environment WoM publicity is something which is of great significance (Bothma 2003). Direct marketing and interactive marketing have always been profitable ways of interacting and influencing the consumers the reason behind this is that first of all these means are less expensive than the other marketing tactics (Tuckwell 2004). In addition to this the marketers get to know more about the ins and outs of the buyer’s black box; as known that these are the two methods which are an integral part of the IMC mix hence applying them together makes it easier for the marketers to timely comprehend the latent and covert needs of the buyers and thus they can make the necessary changes to the offerings and strategies. WoM advocacy is beneficial in the present scenario because it enables the marketers to interact with the customers and hence they can obtain the customer generated feedback regarding their products in addition to this, as there is no such middle channel involved in between the marketer and the buyer (as the WoM marketer is a part of the company) so it becomes easier to get the message of the consumer. The firms once get the timely feedback can make suitable adjustments and alterations in the product designs, strategies etc and in this way eventually WoM publicity acts as a source of competitive advantage for the company in this era of fierce competition. After understanding the consumer psyche if need be, then suitable sales promotions can be launched which are an essential component of the overall IMC mix (Blakeman 2009) The holistic marketing concept has to be applied as per the book because consumer centricity is something plays a vital role in the overall growth of the firm. Establishing long term business relations with the buyers is only possible if the market is provided with what is demanded by it. The nature of the relationship between the firm and its related publics should be exceptional, as this affects the performance of the company in the longer run WoM publicity is one thing which helps in building stronger relationships between the publics and the company (Baker 2001).

Eulogy for Daughter :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Daughter I would like to thank you all for coming to Arlyn's funeral. I am truly touched that you care enough to show your support for us and your respect for Arlyn this way. During the past few days, many of our friends and family have come to our home to show their love for us and for Arlyn. I have been especially moved by the fact so many of her teachers and principals have shown up and cried with us. I am also touched by the love her young friends had for her. Our memories of this sad time in our lives will therefore not all be bad. But now, I would like to talk with you a little about my daughter, Arlyn Maria Johnson, who was born on Wednesday January 12, 1980 at Archbold Memorial Hospital in Thomasville, the most beautiful little girl I had ever seen. On Wednesday, August 7th, Arlyn ate lunch at home, acting normally. I noticed she didn't eat a lot, but it was no big deal. Afterwards, she showed us a dress she had bought, presumably to wear in Misty Smith's wedding. Then, Arlyn said she wanted to go visit friends and left the house. A few minutes later, 3 miles from our home, Arlyn held a rifle to her head and pulled the trigger. She left no note. How does a child who seemed to have everything going for her end up this way? Arlyn had a family that loved her infinitely. She was beautiful and intelligent; her sense of humor was remarkable. Arlyn was kind, a friend to anyone who would let her into his or her life. She had a part-time job as a waitress at Quincy's, which she enjoyed. Arlyn had accepted admission to Tulane University in New Orleans and the week before she died, she shared her schedule of fall courses with me enthusiastically. I reviewed these facts over and over in my mind, trying to discover why she would not see how lucky she was, but I could not find an answer. From the time she was a little girl, Arlyn has brought joy and laughter into the lives of others. When she was little, she sucked her thumb. She was nurturing; she carried her teddy bear with her everywhere. One of her greatest pleasures was dressing up in beautiful long dresses; she dreamed of being Miss America one day.

Plastic Should Be Ban Essay

Email: reservations@ramadacochin. com Wedsit: www. ramadacochin. com LAKE PALACE ALUXURY BACKWATER RESORT ALLEPPEY -,11 KERALA, INDIA Tel : +91 477 2239701-704,Fax : +91 477 2239705 E-mail :info@lakepalaceresort. com Website :www. lakepalaceresort. com RIVIERA STUITES Thevara water Front Cochin-6802013, Kerala, India Tel: +91 484 2665533, 3990999, 3017777 Fax: +91 484 2665906 E-mail :sales@rivierasuites. org Website :www. rivierasuites. org ELETARIA RESORT Amayar, Vandanmedu P. O. , Thekkady, Kerala, S. India Call : +91 4868 277078, +91 99619 33307 ,9961 33306 E-mail :resorteletaria@gmail. om, sales@eletaria. com Website :www. eletaria. com THE WINDFLOWER RESORTS &SPA 17/6, Ali Asker Road Cross off Cunningham Road, Bangalore – 560052 Tel: 080-40842222 / 41142408/ 41142409 E-mail :info@thewindflower. com Website :www. thewindflower. com CARMELIA HAVEN NO. 27/3057-A,Opp. Bhavans School, Girinagar, Kochi – 682020 Tel: +91 484 6003300,6003301 Mob : +91 9495219110, 965671561 0 E-mail :reservation@carmeliahaven. com Website :www. carmeliahaven. com SOMATHEERAM AYURVEDA GROUP Chowara P. O|South of Kovalam|Trivandrum|69550|Keral|India Tel: +91 471 2268101|Fax:+91 471 2267600 E-mail :mail@soma. in , mail@somatheeram. in Website :www. soma. in , www. somatheeram. in VIVANTA TRIVANDRUM KERAL C V Raman Pillaj Road. Thycaud, Thiruvananthaprum 695 014 Keral India Tel: + 91 471 6612345 Fax:+ 91 471 6612021 E-mail :vivanta. trivandrum@tajhotels. com Website :www. vivantabytaj. com A TATA Enterprise Taj International sales Offices Los Angeles (1 805) 529 8833 sales. Losangeles@tajhotels. com Colombo (94 11) 544 6622 tshsnm. colombo@tajhotels. com Dubi (99714) 390 0444 sales. dubai@tajhotels. om Frankurt (49 6104) 643 773 sales. germany@tajhotels. com London (44 20) 7963 8300 sales. london@tajhotels. com Mascow (7 495) 645 0419 sales. russia@tajhotels. com New York (1 212) 515 5889 sales. newyork@tajhotels. com Paris (33 10 5389 8888 sales. france@tajhotels. com&info@glahotels. com San Francisco (1 415) 742 0388 sales. sanfrancisco@tajhotels. com Singapore (65) 6732 1789 sales. singapore@tajhotels. om Sydney (61 2) 9331 9000 sales. australia@tajhotels. com Tokyo ( 81 3) 3432 4530 sales. tokyo@tajhotels. com Saj Homestay Opp: St. Antony’s Shrine Federal Bank ATM Building Kunnumpuram Fort Kochi – 682001 Kerala, S. India. Mobile: 91 – 9847002182, 91 – 8086565811 E-mail: sanasaj@yahoo. co. in Website: http://www. sajhome. com Kaiya House, Janardanapuram,Varkala, Pin: 695141, KERALA-INDIA Phone: (Debra) +91-9746126909(Suraj) +91-9995187913 E-mail:debra@kaiyahouse. com Web:www. kaiyahouse. com SPRINGDALE HERITAGE VandiperiyarP. O. , Kumily, Idukki (Dt), kerala- 685533 Ph: 04869 252271, 252871 E-mail: springdaleheritage@airtelmail. in Website: www. springdaleheritage. in UDAY SUITES T. C. 34/757/3. Watts Lane Beach P. O. Shangumugham. Thiruvananthapuram. 695007. kerala. India Ph: +91. 471. 2504333/2504355/2504366/2504377 E-mail: fo@udaysuites. com Website: www. udaysuites. com VYTHIRI VILLAGE RESORT NH-212,NearVythiri Town, Vythiri P. O. , Wayanad-673 576, kerala,India. Ph: +91 4936 256 716/717/718/719 Fax: +91 4936 256 720 Mob: +91 9388256716 E-mail: director@vythirinillage. com Website: www. Vythirinillage. com UDAY SAMUDRA LEISURE BEACH HOTES ; SPA GV Raja Rad, Samdra Beac, Kovalam Thiruvanathapuram – 695527,kerala,India Ph: +91 471 248576/67/682481654 Fax: +91 471 2485222 E-mail; info@uds. co. n Website: www. udaysamuda. com The Siena Village, Chinnakanal, Munnar-685 618, Kerala, INDIA Tel: 91 4868-249261,249461 Fax:91 4868 -249328 E-mail: sienavillage@satyam. net. in Website: www. thesienavillage. com THEGateway Hotels ; Resorts P. T. Usha Road Calicut 673 002 Kerala India Tel: 91 495 6613000 Fax: 91 495 6613001 Email: geway. calicut@tajhotels. com Website: www. thegatewayhotels. com PARADISA PLANTATION RETREAT Murinjapuzha P. O Idduki District Kerala State India – 685 532 Tel: 0091 – 469 – 2701311 Te Fax: 0091 – 469 – 2602828 Mobile No: 0091 94470 88119 Resort Tel: 0091 – 4869 – 210519 E-mail: radise@rediffmail. com paradisaretreat@yahoo. co. in info@paradisaretreat. com Website: www. paradisaretreat. com KODIANTHARA HERITAGE. HOME Behind St. John Knanaya Church Kumarakom P. O Kumarakom 686563, India Phone:+91 9495 333 849 Email: crispinku@gmail. com Website: www. kodianthara. com HOTEL CASTLE ROCK Near South Bridge, Manorama Jn. Cochin-682 016, kerala, INDIA Ph: 04842313331, 3014445/6/7/8 Fax: 0484 3014449 E-mail : catlerockhotels@gmail. com Website : www. castlerockhotels. in OVER THE HILL Unchakada P. O Poovar Thiruvananthapuram 695506 Kerala, India Tel: +91 471 2212300, Fax: +91 9495 471 2212300 Mob: +91 9495 996 088 E-mail: othpoovar@gmail. com Website: www. overthehill. in DEEP WOODS RESORT MUNNAR Pulimoottil Estate, Letchmi Tea Estate, munnar – 658 612 Idukki Dist. , Kerala S. mob: +91 98099 93286 R. Tel: 04865-231937, 230947, 94460 52341 Reservation Tel: +91 484-4060121/854 71 77811 E-mail: deepwoodsmunnar@gmail. com Website: www. deepwoodsmunnar. com, www. pulimootilestate. com POOVAR ISLAND RESORT K. P. VII/911 Pozhiyoor Trivandrum – 695513, Kerala India Tel No : +91 471 221 2068 / 69 / 73 Fax No : +91 471 221 2092 Reservation Hotline : +99 954 280 00 E-mail: ceo@poovarislandresort. com, reservations@poovarislandresort. com Website: www. poovarislandresorts. com CGH Earth HOTELS Casino Building Willingdon Island, Cochin, Kerala, India – 682 003 Tel: 91-484-3011711, 3011712 Email : contact@cghearth. com Website: www. cghearth. com THE ELEPHANT COURT Thekkady P. O. , Idukki District, Pin – 685 536 Kerala, India, Tel : +91 4869 224696, 224697, 224698, 224699, 224239 Fax : +91 4869 224238 E-mail : info@theelephantcourt. om Website: www. theelephantcourt. com PARK INTERNATIONAL’S Light House Beach Road Kovalam,Trivandrum. Phone : 0471 – 2482803 , Â   Mobile: +91 9895708144 E-mail : kovalamresort@varianthotels. com Website: www. thekovalamresort. com RENDEZ VOUS BEACH RESORT North Cliff End Thiruvambadi Varkala Ph: +91 9846033322 E-mail: info@rendezvous beachresort. com, reservation@rendezvousbeachresort. com Website: www. rendezvousbeachresort. com EMARALD HOTELS Major Road, Vyttila, Cochin – 682019, Kerala, India. Tel :+91 4843084300, +91 4843010977 Reservation :+ 91 9526032600 Sales : +91 9562505566 GM :+ 91 9747269000 E-mail : reservation@emarald. in , sales@emarald. in Website: www. emarald. in GREEN GATES HOTEL T. B. Road, Kalpetta Wayanad – 673 122, Kerala, India Phone: 04936 – 202001/2/3/4 Fax: 04936 – 203975 Cell: 0 94476 40559 E-mail: mail@greengateshotel. com marketing@greengateshotel. com Website: www. greengateshotel. com TURTLE ON THE BEACH Sixth Floor, Karimpanal Statue Avenue G. H Road, Thiruvananthapuram 695 001, Kerala, India Tel. : + 91 471 256 1000, 245 4008, 233 5444 Fax: + 91 471 256 1001, 246 7855 Email: reservations@thrhotels. com Website: www. thrhotels. com LAKES ; LAGOONS DTPC Building, Pallathuruthy, Sanathanapuram P. O, Alleppey: 688 003 Tel: 0477 2266842 / 843 / 844 Fax: 0477 2266845 Email: info@lakeslagoons. com , lakes_lagoon@sify. com Website: www. lakeslagoons. com TANDU LEISURE HOTLE Mattupetty Road Munnar – 685 612 Kerala, India. Tel : +91 4865 233081, 233082, 233083, 233084 Mob: +91 94465 53081 E-mail: mail@tanduleisurehotel. com website: www. tanduleisurehotel. com SAROVAR HOTELS ;RESORTS VP II / 326 B. Vayalar, Cherthala, Alleppey District, Kerala 688 536 Tel: +91 478 661 3000 Fax: + 91 478 661 3030 E-mail: vsp@sarovarhotels. com Website: www. vasunghararesorts. in Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala Park View, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India – 695 033, Phone: +91 471 2321132 Fax: +91 471 2322279 Tourist Information toll free No:1-800-425-4747 Email: info@keralatourism. org , deptour@keralatourism. org Website: www. keralatourism. org TRAVANCORE COURT Warriam Road, Ernakulam, Cochin-16 Kerala, India. Ph: 0484-2351120, 0484-4031120, 0484-4021120 Fax :0484-2351535 E-mail : mail@travancorecourt. com Website: www. travancorecourt. com VARIANT HOUSE BOATS Manayil. Vytilla. P. O Cochin, Kerala – 680019 Tel : 0484 – 4011276,4011927 Mob : 09895478344,9895268644 ,09895378244 Email : kochin@varianthotels. com Web : www. varianthotels. com CHERAI BEACH RESORTS Vypin Island, Kochi, Kerala, S. India Pin – 683514 Ph: +91 – 484 – 2481818, 2416949, 6503150 Fax: +91 – 484 – 2417333 Reservation: 98472 31400 E-mail : reservation@cheraibeachresorts. com enquiry@cheraibeachresorts. com Website : www. cheraibeachresorts. com TRIVENY RIVER PALACE Champakulam P O . Kuttanad Alleppey . Kerala South India . PIN 688 505 Tel: 0477 – 2737114, 2737116 Fax: 0477 – 2737118 E-mail: mail@trivenyriverpalace. com Website: www. trivenyriverpalace. com MOUNTAIN TRAIL Venadu, Chinnakanal, Munnar, Kerala, India Tel: +91 4868 202600, 202601 Email : mail@mountaintrailresort. com Website: www. mountaintrailresort. com FLORA AIRPORT HOTEL Opp. International Terminal – Cochin Airport, Nayathodu P. O. Cochin – 683572, Kerala,India Tel: +91 484 2404444 Fax: +91 484 2611524 E-mail: info@florahotelsindia. com Website: www. florahotelsindia. com SEALORD GROUP OF HOTELS Shanmugham Road, Cochin – 682 031, Kerala, India Tel : 0484 2382472, 2382473 Fax: 0484 3042543 E-mail: reservations@sealordhotels. com Website: www. sealordhotels. com THAPOVAN HERITAGE HOME Nellikunnu, Mulloor P. O Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695521 INDIA. Tel: +91-471-2480453 Fax: +91-471-2482430 E-mail: thapovan@gmail. com Website: www. thapovan. com SAGARA BEACH RESORT Light House Road, Kovalam Vizhinjam, Trivandrum Kerala State, South India – 695523 Telephone :+91-471-2481995, +91-471-2484077 Mobile :+91-98473 90885, +91-98472 33736 E-mail : info@sagarakovalam. com Website: www. sagarakovalam. com BACKWATER RIPPLES Kumarakom P. O, Kottayam – 686 563 Kerala India Tel No. 91-481-2565404, 2563404 Fax 91-481-2566404 E-Mail: backwaterripples@vsnl. net mail@backwaterripples. com Website: www. backwaterripples. com PAGODA RESORTS CCNB Road, Chungam, Alleppey, Kerala -688 011. INDIA Tel No: 91 477-2251697 Email: enquiry@pagodaresorts. com Website: www. pagodaresorts. com TEA CASTLE Chitrapuram PO, Munnar 685565, Kerala, India Tel : +91 4865 263030 Fax : 04865 263203 Email : info@teacastle. in sales@teacastle. in Website: www. teacastle. in PERIYAR MEADOWS HOTEL Thekkady Road, Kumily 685 509, Kerala, India Talk to us on +91 4869 224120/22/23 E-mail: reservations@periyarmeadows. com Website: www. periyarmeadows. com ROYAL RESIDENCY Infopark road Kakkanad, Cochin Ernakulam (Dist) Kerala (State)-682030 Tel/Fax: 0484 2422024/25/26, 91 9539519037 E-mail: royalenquirykochi@gmail. com Website: www. royalresidency. om FLYSIUM GARDEN HILL RESORT Top Station road, munnar kerala India Pin: 658 621_Ph: +91-4865-231348 E-mail: info@elysiumgarden. com Website: www. elysiumgarden. com CLOUDS VALLEY LEISURE HOTEL Kannan Devan Hills, A. M Road, Munnar P. O. , Kerala -685 612 Ph: +91 4865 230687/8/9, Fax: +91 4865 230484, E-mail: mail@cloudsvalley. com Website: www. cloudsvally. com HOTEL AISWARYA Opp. LotusClub, Warriam Road, Cochin-16 Ph: 2364454, 2364452, 2382495 Mob: 9995 62 11 22, Fax: 91-484-2363933, E-mail: reservation@aiswaryahotels. com Website: www. aiswaryahotels. com ADAM SQUARE, ALWAYE ROAD Angamaly-683572, Kerala Ph: 0484 245 3762 Mob: +91 9809 080 608 +91-8714 833 900 Customer Relation Manager : +91 9495006626 E-mail: info@eghplanet. com reservations@eghplanet. com Website: www. eghplanet. com PAGODA RESORT CNB Road, Chungam, Alleppey, Kerala -688 011. INDIA Tel No: 91 477-2251697 Email : enquiry@pagodaresorts. com Website: www. pagodaresorts. com HOTEL ELITE PALAZZO Bank Junction, NH 47, Bye Pass, Angamali – 683 572, Cochin, Kerala. Call – +91 484 24 522 91 /+91 999 53 77 700 / +91 812 93 55 291 E-mail: sales@elitepalazzo. com Website: www. elitepalazzo. in HINDUSTAN BEACH RETREAT Papanasam Beach, Janardhanapuram P. O. Varkala Thiruvananthapuram 695141 Kerala, India Ph:0091-470-2604254,55,56 Email: hindretreat@gmail. com hindretreat@vsnl. net Website: www. hindustanbeachretreat. com HOLIDAY VISTA KK Road, Kumily, Thekkady – 685509 Idukki (Dist), Kerala, India Phone: 04869 224803 Email: sales@holidayvista. in Website: www. holidayvista. in RAIN COUNTRY RESORTS Lakkidi P. O, Wayanad, Kerala State, India, Pin Code: 673 576 Tel: 0495-2511997 / 98 / 99, : 04936-329798 / 99/ 800 Mobile: 9447004369 / 9447245288 / 09287576617 09946487771 / 2 / 3 / 4 E-mail: resorts@raincountryresort. com ekanil@sancharnet. in ekanil@bsnl. in BLU HAZE RESORT Chithirapuram Pallivasal Munnar Phone : +91 96333 49999, 96333 89999, 96333 97777 E-mail : sales@bluhazeresort. com Wesite: www. bluhazeresort. com RAJADHANI HOTELS East Fort Thiruvananthapuram – 23 Kerala, India Phone : 0471 – 2547733, 2547822 Fax : 0471 – 2547744 E-mail : corporate@rajadhanimail. com Website : www. rajadhanigroup. com CAMELOT RESORT Munnar P. O. , Idukki District Kerala State, South India Pin Code – 685 612 Telephone : (91)4865-231195, 230540 E-mail: Camelot. munnar@yahoo. in Website: www. camelotmunnar. com PEARL GREEN RESORTS P. T. Jacob road,Thoppumpady, Kochin – 682005. Phone No: +91-9447007058,+91-94470 31058 E-mail: info@pearlgreenresorts. com Website: www. pearlgreenresorts. com HOTEL MILLENNIUM CONTINENTAL Narakathara Road, Off M. G. Road, Shenoys Junction Ernakulam,Cochin-682035 Tel: 0484-2366400 / 2365500 / 2366600 / 2366700 E-mail: info@millenniumcontinental. com Website: www. millenniumcontinental. com PERIYAR MEADOWS LEISURE HOTEL Thekkady Road, Kumily 685 509, Kerala, India E-mail: +91 4869 224120/22/23 E-mail: reservations@periyarmeadows. com Website: www. periyarmeadows. com THE WORLD BACKWATERS –A LAKE RESORT Kannankara, Post, Thanneermukkom, Alleppey District-688527, KERALA, India. Tel: +91 (0) 478 2583939 / 4391, Fax: +91 (0) 478 2582783, Mob: 09496006610 E-mail: resalleppey@theworldhotels. in Website: www. theworldhotels. in THE RIVER RETREAT HERITAGE AYURVEDIC RESORT Palace Road, Cheruthuruthy, Thrissur (Dst), Kerala, India Pin Code : 679531 Phone (+91) 4884 262974, 4884 262244 / 45, 4884 264444 / 45 Mob : +91 88915 65513, +91 99470 82410 Fax : (+91) 4884 262922 Email : info@riverretreat. in Website: www. riverretreat. in TRAVANCORE COURT Warriam Road, Ernakulam, Cochin-16 Kerala, India. Ph: 0484-2351120, 0484-4031120, 0484-4021120 Fax :0484-2351535 E-mail : mail@travancorecourt. om Website: www. travancorecourt. com HILL ; SEA VIEW BEACH RESORT Mottavila Avaduthura,Kovalam | Vizhinjam ( P. O), Kovalam 695521, India Ph: +91 – 471 – 2484747 , 2483737 Fax: +91 – 471 – 2482293 E-mail: hillseaview@gmail. com Website: www. hillnseaview. com FORT MUNNAR HOTEL 2nd Floor, Chandrika Building M. G. Road, Cochin – 682011 Kerala, South INDIA Phone : 91-484 – 2367720 / 2381760 / 2370060 Mobile : 94470 79016, 94470 79017, 94470 79018, 94470 79094, 94470 79095 Fax : 91-484- 2381760 / 2367740 Email : royalgroup@eth. net , royalgroupcrs@gmail. com Website: www. fortmunnar. com

Cambodian Sex Trade

To the untrained eye, Cambodia is an exotic vacation destination with ancient cities, bold colors, legendary temples and remarkable beauty. What you don’t see is the horrendous crimes that are going on behind closed doors. Inside the world of Cambodian child sex trafficking, each year, by some estimates, hundreds of thousands of girls and boys are bought, sold or kidnapped and then forced to have sex with grown men. MSNBC news) Human trafficking or modern-day slavery is the fastest growing criminal industry in the world; and in my opinion, least discussed and prevented. Specifically the child sex trade is an epidemic not recognized by Americans nearly enough. Unborn children in South Korea are being sold by their pregnant mothers over the internet. What happens to these children after they are sold is unknown. They can be sold to people who are looking to adopt but having a hard time being approved, or more likely circumstances, they end up in a darker place; the human sex trafficking world. The illegal sale of children makes up more than half of all the cases of human trafficking around the world, according to recent estimates. (Al-Jazeera/News Europe) Traditionally it has involved the exploitation of children in poorer nations, like Cambodia, Vietnam and India but there are findings of more and more cases amongst developed countries such as America. There are countless exploited children that are unaccounted for around the world; Argentina’s child-snatching plague, Turkey’s severely high number of missing children, which has increased annually, Sri Lanka’s children being taken from their homes to be â€Å"child soldiers†, South Korean selling of babies, Bangladesh’s child brides who are sold by their families and taken away by their dramatically elder â€Å"husbands† and never heard of again to list a few. Twenty years ago the United Nations adopted the Convention of the Rights of the Child. The CRC or UNCRC, it sets out the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of children. As of December 2008, 193 signatories had ratified it, including every member of the UN except the U. S. and Somalia. The treaty restricts the involvement of children in military conflicts and prohibits the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. The UNCRC has been used as a blueprint for child protection legislation around the world. But, as you can see, the treaty's promise to protect children has not always been kept. After watching an Al Jazeera News broadcasting, in an interview with a woman who would know better than anyone about exploited children around the world; Lisa Laumann from Save the Children Charity stated â€Å"Intergovernmental organizations like the United Nations provide the framework around which governments can come together to agree on what good practice is and how governments should behave legally on behalf of their citizens, but it's up to the governments themselves to draft that legislation, develop the systems and institutions that guarantee those rights. (Lisa Laumann, from Save the Children charity, Al Jazeera Interview) Laumann also goes on to state, â€Å"There also has to be an effort made to help communities, families and children themselves, to understand what rights mean for them and how they can support them. † (Lisa Laumann) I feel so strongly more effort needs to be put forth, and that something needs to be done soon about this epidemic that is given a bl ind eye. People need to be educated about what is going on not only in the world, but right here in America. Despite what Americans bialy choose to ignore; it’s going on in Connecticut, and quite possibly New Haven as we speak. When you walk by the missing children ads and see all of those young girls’ (and boys) faces, they may not have run away from home, maybe they were forcefully taken, and being forced into child prostitution. Or, another scenario, maybe they did run away from home, got into a little trouble as a misguided young female, and are in a lifestyle they are having difficulty getting out of. These are instances more common than you would think. Sex-tourism, or travel to engage in sexual intercourse or sexual activity with prostitutes, typically undertaken internationally by tourists from wealthier countries has become a multibillion-dollar industry. But the business is not all about adult prostitution. There are some places you might have never heard about, notorious places, the kind of places a sexual predator would be willing to travel halfway around the world to reach -destinations like a dusty village in Southeast Asia, where the prey is plentiful and easy to stalk. My focus for this paper will be on Cambodia. This country has the highest amount statistically reported of children in the child sex trade, in an interview with Chris Hansen of Dateline NBC, with Mu Soc Hua, Cambodia’s minister of women's affairs, Hua states that there is a staggering number of â€Å"†¦around 30,000 girls in the sex-trade industry, and although Cambodia has a lot of problems, I rank sexual trade, sexual exploitation of our children as top — on the top of my list. I’ve also chosen Cambodia because of a separate interview/documentary I’ve watched where an accredited news channel, Dateline NBC goes undercover with a human rights group to expose the sex trafficking in Cambodia, and they actually follow through with a dramatic operation to rescue the children, and take the measures to have the â€Å"pimps† or men and women that run these brothels arrested along with an American doctor who is purchasing these girls for sex to be pro secuted. I’d like to discuss both aspects of this crime, the seller and the buyer. Many, if not most of the men buying these exploited girls in Cambodia are Americans- thinking that they're involved in nothing more than prostitution, but by any definition it is rape. (Dateline NBC news) Prostitution in Cambodia is illegal, but finding a girlfriend for the night at a nightclub could be as simple as a few words, a few dollars, and a stroll out the door. The producers and investigators of NBC begin their journey inside this dark world, across from what looks like a local cafe, but really a brothel. You see many deceiving brothels that to the untrained eye, appear to be cafes, clubs or gated storefronts along the streets of the rundown village Svay Pak, on the outskirts of the Cambodian capital Phnom Penh. Svay Pak is notorious for child trafficking, and it only takes a few minutes for a pimp to approach the undercover reporters. The pimp turns out to be a fifteen-year-old boy who tells the reporters he's grown up in the village and even introduces his mother – who knows exactly what he's up to and takes a cut of the money he brings in. Po tells the reporters he can get them girls who are even younger than the ones they’ve seen thus far in the trip. And despite all they’ve seen, they’re stunned at just how young he says they are – 8-year-olds. It's hard to believe, and even harder to stomach. The dimension of a fifteen-year-old boy promoting the sales of possibly his sisters or cousins is confusing. He is doing the selling of a girl who is the same age as he, and could be in his school class. Is there a connection between male and female status and does gender play a role, or hold a higher status in relation to trafficking is something I will be looking into further in this paper. ) He brings them through some alleys to a ramshackle house so they can see for themselves. The dirty faces of the girls are seen through the shadows on the documentary, and little-girls-shoes litter the house. The house is guarded by men and women, heavily armed with guns, clearly visible when the producers walk in. In the documentary, all of the natives, children and adults alike know a little English. When they talk about sex, they use simple child-like terms anyone can understand. â€Å"Yum-yum† means oral sex. â€Å"Boom-boom† means intercourse. They meet dozens of children at the various brothels they enter. One girl that really caught my attention throughout the documentary was a girl that said she's nine, accompanied by another who says she's ten. Both say they know how to perform oral sex. And they even tell the reporters how much it will cost: sixty-dollars for two girls. A pimp says,† If two girls aren't enough, how about three? (Dateline NBC news) It is repulsive, and a grim reality the thought of what is done to these innocent, young girls when it isn’t undercover American producers doing the buying. And the sad thing is that there would’ve been no future for these girls if the producers of NBC along with Bob Mosier, the International Justice Mission’s chief investigator hadn’t stepped in. In figuring out as to why these gi rls are being sold or taken from their families in the first place, I’m taking a look at what status the male and female roles hold in a family. For example, in Japan it is preferred by parents to have a son over a daughter because of the one baby law, only allowing one child to a household. This means, it’s more desirable to have a son to carry on the family name and get an education, opposed to a daughter who marries off. In Cambodia, females tend to be talked about as being â€Å"relatively equal† to men, though with little discussion of how this equality is related to the larger picture of hierarchical social organization. Judy Ledgerwood 120) However, gender is only one of a range of factors that influences where a person is ranked in Khmer society. On the one hand daughters are suppose to be protected, on the other, a teenage daughter might bicycle daily to the city to sell vegetables to help support the family; or a young woman might move into the city to work in a garment factory. Orphans and widows must live with little or no male supervision, because there are no surviving family members. This can caus e their neighbors to â€Å"look down on them,† they lose status in society because they have no men to protect them. Women in Cambodia today must undertake all sorts of employment that involve being in office, factory or other situations alone with men. These kinds of circumstances lead to accusations regarding the virtue of individual women and to the general idea that â€Å"women just don't have the value that they used to. † What is of critical importance to Khmer women during the interviews done by Judy Ledgerwood, was their concerns, it was not their particular concern with social status or gender ideals, but hard economic realities and the difficulties that they face trying to feed their families. An explanation of this, as to why these children are being sold into sex is because of the lack of funds and resources their families are facing. In many cases, poverty is to blame for making worse the plight of the most vulnerable. Cambodia is still suffering from a traumatic past. In the 1970s and ’80s, an estimated 2 million Cambodians died because of war, famine and a brutal dictatorship. During the Khmer Rouge period, 1975-1979, people died of starvation and disease as well as from execution. More women than men survived the traumas of this period. Women are better able to survive conditions of severe malnutrition, fewer women were targeted for execution because of connections to the old regime, and fewer women were killed in battles. Many women told Ledgerwood that they survived those years of horror because they had to care for their children (Ebihara and Ledgerwood page 143). During the 1980s and early 90s, men continued to be drained off from society to go to serve as soldiers. This was particularly evident in rural areas where one could enter a village and find no men between the ages of about 15 and 50. Many men were killed or disabled; others might still have been alive but were off with their military units, with resistance factions at the border, or hiding from conscription. This may add to the bigger picture as to why men are exploiting children for money. The poverty plays a large role, all they have to offer are their children, and being disabled, there isn’t much work physically possible. Also, the return of the men reflects the extremely high birth rate during the 1980s and 90s, 2. 5 to 3 percent annually, meaning more children to sell. A child's tragic journey into the sex trade often begins in a family struggling for survival. This is a country where the average income is less than $300 a year. (Hanlen 323) Most children are sold by their own parents. Others are lured by what they think are legitimate job offers like waitressing, but then are forced into prostitution. It’s become clear that Cambodian parents don’t have enough money to feed eight children in a family, so selling two of them could get them a (measly to us) one-hundred U. S. dollars. Or, for example, during the ocumentary broadcasted on NBC, a female pimp by the name Madam Lang tells undercover reporters (with undercover cameras, on tape) that â€Å"her† virgins go for six-hundred-dollars, as if the virgin part is an extra attraction, and for that price she says they can take a girl back to the hotel and keep her there for up to three days. When she brings out the girl, the 15-year-old native looks paralyzed with fear. It is hard to prevent the exploitation of children in this country not only because it takes a caring parent, but because it takes a caring community. The people are governed by money and it’s hard for them to turn it down and put morals before reality. Even the police of the village are in on the illegal activity occurring. In one of the videos, a police officer requests one-hundred-fifty dollars from the NBC producers posing as sex tourists, as a pay-off for insurance that the tourists wouldn’t get arrested by Cambodian officials. One-hundred-fifty dollars is the equivalent of five months pay for a Cambodian Officer. (Hanlen 325) The Cambodian Police have set up a unit to deal with sex trafficking, but have yet to be proactive in dealing with the issue. There are no guarantees in real justice because many of the cops are in the pimps’ pockets. While it's good to prosecute the people who sell children for sex, if you want to solve the problem; you also have to go after the tourists who buy them. But who is going to confront these sex tourists? It’s difficult to say with the corrupt Cambodian legal system. As far as the documentary goes, in the end, at least seven of the suspects seen on tape, including a man who supplied little girls for a sex party, were recently found guilty by a Cambodian judge and sentenced to up to fifteen years in prison. In months following, Madam Lang, the woman who offered virgins for six-hundred-dollars, was also convicted and sentenced to 20 years behind bars. That's believed to be the longest sentence of its kind ever in Cambodia. (NBC) There are a many people fighting for these oppressed girls, but little change has been noted because the education of human trafficking is so sparse. Efforts from people that I would like to note are the International Justice Mission, a Faith-based human rights group specializing in victims of sex trafficking and bonded labor who have been working in Cambodia for the last six years. IJM web, NBC) Also, Acting for Women in Distressing Circumstances (AFESIP), an advocacy group for children and adolescents at risk that runs a group home in Cambodia for victims of sex trafficking. (AFESIP web, NBC) The United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF), â€Å"Child Protection† section discusses the problem of trafficking in children, and donates money for this cause. (UNIC EF web, NBC) When you see the UNICEF boxes come around in the fall on Halloween, donate whatever change you have because now you know where that change is going and it is making a difference in someone’s life across the world. The Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defense of Civil Rights (LICADHO) is a Cambodian group that advocates for human rights, focusing on women and children in Cambodia, who provide (limited) shelters, with limited funds for battered women and children. (LICADHO web, NBC) Not to forget ECPAT International, an international child advocacy group focusing on the problems of child prostitution, child pornography and trafficking of children for sex, and educating people on these issues. ECPAT International web) And lastly, The Protection Project, the Human rights law research institute at John Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Washington, D. C. , who conduct studies around the world in countries with high rates of human trafficking, report their findings, enact laws, educate the people in harm’s way, and people around the world on preventative measures and serve as an advocate. (The Protection Project web, NBC) Although the groups listed above are fighti ng for these girls, the reality is, is that not many get out of their oppressors’ hands. For the girls that do escape the places where they lost so much, and hopefully never to return, the road to recovery is a long one; but their darkest days are behind them. The treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases along with the rehabilitation physically, mentally, and emotionally of these girls has just begun. In standard procedure, girls are brought to a safe house for a few days. Then they are placed in group homes: one for the younger girls and one for teens, and in the case of the NBC Documentary, their group homes were run by the charity AFESIP (noted above). The director of AFESIP, Pierre Legros, stated, â€Å"Getting the girls out of the brothels is tough, but keeping them in the group home is even tougher. † He estimated that on average 40 percent of the rescued girls return to a life of prostitution. (AEFSIP) That is disheartening, but all hope cannot be lost, these children need help. It'll take years to overcome the extreme poverty and widespread corruption that cause the child sex trade to flourish, but I see the current wave of prosecutions as a step forward for this country and its people. That's why there is hope and we have to continue to fight. Prosecution is the key word, the message has to be very strong and forget about prosecuting the big fish, prosecuting everybody who is involved in it, I think, will be most effective. If we all as human beings come together internationally and take this up as a global issue, I think there could be a change not only for the children of Cambodia, but missing and exploited children around the world, even in our own country. America has been busy fighting a one-sided war in Iraq since 2001 with nothing to show but casualties on both sides. No â€Å"weapons of mass destruction† were ever found and yet our troops are still there. I think that where our funds and efforts really needed to be are on the frontlines fighting for the children of our future. Works Cited Dateline NBC News â€Å"Children For Sale† Jan 9 2005. NBC News. Al Jazeera/ News Europe â€Å"Child Sex Trade Soars in Cambodia† October 2008. Al Jazeera News. < http://english. aljazeera. net/news/asia-pacific/2008/10/2008102110195471467. html> Cambodia Development Resource Institute (CDRI) 2002 Economy Watch – Domestic Performance, Cambodian Development Review 6(2):14. 2001 Policy Brief, Land Ownership, Sales and Concentration in Cambodia, March. 001 The Garment Industry, Cambodia Development Review 5(3):1-4. 2000 Prospects for the Cambodian Economy, Cambodian Development Review 4(1):8-10. Judy Ledgerwood, Meaghan Ebihara 2002 Hun Sen and the Genocide Trials in Cambodia: International Impacts, Impunity and Justice. IN Cambodia Emerges from the Past. Steve Heder, ed. , DeKalb, IL: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Il linois University, pp. 106 – 223. Hanlen, Marcus. â€Å"Police Pay of Underdeveloped countries. † Police Information and Statistics of the World (2007): 323-325. Web. 12 Dec 2009. Dateline NBC news â€Å"IJM Operation Frees Families from Slavery† Jan 2005. NBC news.