Microsoft 70-680 Study Guide Free Essays

70â€680 Notes Chapter 1 (pg. 45) Windows Vista Improvements * New Improved Desktop †Windows Aero * Windows Sidebar †Sidebar with contraptions * Improved Windows Firewall †Restrict OS assets whenever utilized in surprising manners * Parental Controls †Set explicit destinations, set occasions for explicit clients * User Access Control (UAC) †Security includes that permit standard clients to perform manager works through accreditation brief * Windows Search †Search documents or applications rapidly from anyplace in Vista. Continuous pursuit * Live Icons †With Windows Aero, you can review applications by drifting over them with your mouse Windows 7 Improvements * Windows 7 Editions: Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, Enterprise, Ultimate * Windows 7 Taskbar †Pin applications to taskbar/no Quick Launch * Jump Lists †Right snap Word go to Recent Documents, right snap taskbar symbol * New Preview Pane †Preview text, music, picture, HTML, video, Office (w/Office) and PDF (w/Adobe) records * Windows Touch †Support for contact screen Windows XP Mode †Windows XP in Virtual PC to run XP applications * Simple Home Networking (HomeGroups) †HomeGroups are only a simpler method to set up a system. We will compose a custom article test on Microsoft 70-680 Study Guide or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now All renditions are upheld yet Starter and Home Basic can’t make HomeGroups * Device Stage †Shows an image of a good associated gadget, bolsters Bluetooth and Wireless too * View Available Networks (VAN) †Shows the systems accessible (remote also) in the notice plate * Internet Explorer 8 †Faster and all the more effectively with new hunt highlights, address bars, and top choices * Instant Search †Quickly get to look through solicitations without composing in the whole pursuit measures. Utilizations program history also to limit the recommendation) * Accelerators †alternate routes (look for a location and ready to see the guide close to the connection). * Web Slices †Instances on a site that you can access without the need of getting to the webpage itself * Aero Peek †Allows you to take a gander at a window while different windows are straightforward * Aero Snap †Allows you to snap windows one next to the other * Aero Shake †You can shake a window and have every single other window limit * AppLocker †Prevents unapproved programming from running by means of strategy. 86 (32â€bit) versus x64 (64â€bit) * 32â€bit processor bolsters up to 4GB RAM (Starter †2GB) * 64â€bit processor underpins up to 16 exabytes of RAM * Professional, Enterprise, Ultimate: 192GB * Home Premium: 16GB * Home Basic: 8GB * Starter: Not Supported in x64 bit Windows 7 Upgrade Paths Vista requires SP1 before moving up to Windows 7 * Vista Business = 7 Professional, Enterprise, Ultimate * Vista Enterprise = 7 Enterprise * Vista Home Basic = 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, Ultimate * Vista Home Premium = 7 Home Premium, Ultimate Vista Ultimate = 7 Ultimate * 7 Home Basic = 7 Home Premium, Professional, Ultimate * 7 Home Premium = 7 Professional, Ultimate * 7 Professional = 7 Ultimate * 7 Starter = 7 Home Premium, Professional, Ultimate Disk Space Partitioning * The System Partition †The framework parcel and the boot segmen t can be on a similar segment. The framework parcel contains the documents expected to boot the Windows 7 working framework. The framework parcel contains the Master Boot Record (MBR) and boot division * The Boot Partition †The boot segment contains the documents that are the Windows 7 working framework records. As a matter of course, the Windows working framework documents are situated in an envelope named Windows. The parcel must be set apart as Active to boot * Primary Partition †A hard drive can have up to 4 essential segments, or 3 essential segments with one expanded segment * Extended Partition †Storage volumes on an all-inclusive segment can't be utilized to begin the working framework Performing a Clean Install of Windows 7 Collect Information †Windows 7 assembles your nearby time, area, console, permit understanding, establishment type, and establishment plate segment * Install Windows †This is the place the establishment duplicates Windows 7 records to the HD and the establishment is finished. This is the longest stage * Set up Windows †This stage you set up your us ername, PC name, secret phrase, item key, and security settings alongside exploring the date time Troubleshooting with Installation Log Files The activity log incorporates the entirety of the activities that were performed during the arrangement procedure and a depiction of each activity. These activities are recorded in sequential request. The activity log is put away as Windowssetupact. log * The blunder log incorporates any mistakes that happened during the establishment. For every blunder, there is a depiction and a sign of the seriousness of the mistake. This blunder log is put away as Windowssetuperr. log Creating a bootable USB * Connect the USB and go to order brief Diskpart list circle (distinguish the USB) select plate X (where X is the number that speaks to the USB) clean make parcel essential (size in MB) select part (segment number) design fs=fat32 fast dynamic (MUST do) exit * Copy windows 7 establishment DVD to the USB gadget User State Migration Tool (USMT) (download able with WAIK) * ScanState. exe (source PC) †Collects client information and settings data dependent on the setup of the Migapp. xml , Migsys. xml , and Miguser. ml documents and stores it as a picture record. (Records, Videos, Music, Pictures, Desktop, Start Menu, Quick Launch Toolbar, IE Favorites, ACLS) * LoadState. exe (goal PC) †Deposits the data that is gathered to a PC running a new duplicate of Windows 7 USMT won't relocate equipment settings, drivers, passwords, application doubles, synchronization records, DLL documents, or other executable records Windows Easy Transfer (migsetup. exe situated in DVDSupportMigwiz) * To use with XP, XP must have Service Pack 2 Transfers User Accounts, Folders and Files, Program Settings, Internet Settings, Favorites, Emails, Contacts and settings * Transfer techniques incorporate Easy Transfer Cable (USB Cable), CD/DVD, Network Share, Removable USB, Direct Network Connection * Located in All Programs Accessories System Tools Wind ows Easy Transfer (windows 7 just) * Windows Easy Transfer won't move encoded records, they should be unscrambled first or Windows Easy Transfer will stop Multiboot/Dualâ€Boot Support Only Windows NT4 (w/SP4) and up can perceive NTFS document frameworks * To double boot with Windows 9x, circle pressure must be killed * Windows 7 scrambled records won't appear on Windows NT4 * Bcdedit utility is utilized to alter boot choices in the BCD store Network Access Protection (NAP) NAP is a compliancy checking stage that is incorporated with Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows XP with SP3 Chapter 2 (pg. 104) Choosing Automated Deployment Options * Microsoft Deployment Toolkit (MDT) 2010 Administrative devices that take into account sending of work areas and servers using a typical comfort * Zero Touch establishment (ZTI) †Requires no client intercession however requires that Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) 2007 with the OS Deployment Featur e Pack is accessible on the system, likewise requires SQL server * Lite Touch Installation (LTI) †Lets you disseminate pictures with a little level of client mediation and can be utilized when no other dispersion devices are set up * To convey Windows 7 or Server 2008, SCCM 2007 SP2 is required * To convey past forms, SCCM 2007 SP1 will work yet can't utilize Deployment Workbench to keep up the MDT database, SP2 favored * UDI Wizard Designer permits you to enter a Welcome message text that will be shown on the welcome screen * Thick picture †Includes applications and windows refreshes directly in the framework picture * Thin picture †Minimal framework picture, frequently working framework just * Applications and updates are introduced either physically or using some other programming the board framework, for example, SCCM 2007 * Hybrid picture †Combination of slight and thick picture types * Unattended establishment * Unattended establishments use an answer docum ent called Autounattend. xml * You can utilize the Windows 7 DVD with an answer record on the foundation of the DVD, floppy circle, or USB drive * To mechanize cluster documents, contents, projects and orders after arrangement, utilize the GuiRunOnce area in Sysprep. inf. The documents must be spared in a similar organizer as sysprep. inf Windows Automated Installation Kit (WAIK) Centrally oversee volume initiations by utilizing Volume Activation Management (VAMT) * Can just be introduced on Windows Vista w/SP1 and up * Microsoft Deployment Toolkit †Allows a chairman to effectively convey and design Windows working frameworks and pictures * Application Compatibility Toolkit †This permits heads to help explain issues to where applications that ran on past forms may not work appropriately * Application Compatibility Manager †A SQL serverâ€based device that gathers application data from existing PCs * Compatibility Administrator †A lot of utilization similarity f ixes that have just been confirmed to permit applications to work under Windows 7 * IE Compatibility Test Tool †Tests sites similarity with IE8 * Setup Analysis Tool †Monitors application installers to test similarity * Standard User Analyzer †Determines if an application will have issues with UAC * Microsoft Assessment and Planning (MAP) Toolkit †Locates PCs on a system and afterward plays out a careful stock of them * System Preparation Tool (Sysprep. exe) Used to set up a PC for plate imaging, and

Southwest Airline on-Boarding Approach Free Essays

On-Boarding Approach Southwest Airline There are a couple of organizations out there that genuinely comprehend the significance of On-boarding. Southwest aircraft has adopted a strategy that reverberates with all workers new and old. Their comprehension of human culture and how individuals retain data is imperative to their procedure. We will compose a custom exposition test on Southwest Airline: on-Boarding Approach or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now People are enthusiastic animals, in this manner gaining from this they have delivered a powerful on-boarding technique. Invigorating a positive feeling has been the Idea behind a fruitful association in a temporary industry. Southwest has set up a standpoint that enables the representatives to feel good and glad for their activity. â€Å"New workers must feel that they have a place and are essential to the association. The director, HR unit, and collaborators ought to be set up for another employee’s arrival† (Mathis Jackson, 2010). This can just profit the company’s objectives. Southwest needs to ingrain these feelings during their direction; Feeling invited, good, glad, energized, motivated, and certain. (Lee) Everything matters to the businesses at Southwest. Establishing these feelings into the laborers has created accomplishment in their industry. Southwest has a multi year degree of consistency at 73% and 5 around 55%(n. d. ). Southwest beat the graphs in 2010 for probably the best organization to work for. An airline steward stated, â€Å"The Company was established on the rule that so as to succeed you have to treat your collaborators just as your clients. †(Smith) The direction procedure is truly fundamental which it incorporates a voyage through the offices, assorted variety preparing, visitor speakers, and group building works out. This is completely cultivated in one day. Southwest has applied the establishments of an effective industry through positive feelings. I for one can’t see any preferred path over treating others the manner in which you would need to be dealt with. This originates from Matthew 7:12, â€Å"So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do likewise to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets†(ESV). Reference: Lee, D. (n. d. ). Recovered from http://www. humannatureatwork. com/articles/onboarding/onboarding-that-invites and-rouses. htm Mathis, R. L. , Jackson, J. H. (2010). Human asset the board. (13 ed. ). Bricklayer: The most effective method to refer to Southwest Airline: on-Boarding Approach, Papers

Guest Post Who You Vote for May Not Matter

Guest Post Who You Vote for May Not Matter That you vote most certainly does! The following is a guest entry by Cody C. 14 When it comes to politics, there is one argument that I have heard almost exclusively from fellow members of the MIT community: The probability of my vote affecting the outcome of an election is so low that casting a vote is a waste of my time. But what if the value of voting lies not in who wins, but how they treat you once they do? A little over a year ago, I visited my City Councilor during his weekly office hours. As an urban planning student, I had learned a bit about the process by which projects come to fruition, and how very political those processes are, so I thought it would be good to engage the system I was learning about. My most significant memory from that meeting was how tremendously surprised I was at how natural the conversation felt. I told him about my growing interest in politics, and he told me about his decision to run for office less than two years previous; his desire to try to do some good for the city he had grown up in and around. He asked me about my time in school, and he told me about his efforts to get his friends out to vote for him, the first time voting for many of them. He asked me about living in Boston, and I shared my frustrations at my home and fraternity facing penalties for another student I’d never met deciding to jump on (or as it turned out, through) a skylight. He sympathized, but noted that it’s difficult for public officials to know how to act toward a group that doesn’t seem to want to have anything to do with the decision-making process. As we departed, I expressed my sincere appreciation for his time, and I came away with a much better understanding that he was a real person, not the far-off, removed-from-me sort that I had come to understand politicians as. I asked him to come by my house some time for dinner and meet 30-or-so more of his constituents. He agreed and we made plans to arrange a time. Less than a week later, Boston put a ban on social events in all MIT houses in the city. The city had recently received a wave of bad press regarding student housing conditions, and the City of Boston had to be seen to be doing something. So when another MIT event saw another student fall through another window, they saw their opportunity. They could have gone after landlords providing unsafe housing to students, as they have promised to do repeatedly, but how much easier is it to crack down on students whose only recourse is to whine that their parties were taken away. And there’s certainly no risk of losing votes that way. In the time that has elapsed since then, I have spoken with numerous City Councillors, candidates, Massachusetts legislators, and even staff for our US congressman. I have discussed the huge untapped demographic of voters that exist here, with more than 50 colleges and universities in the greater Boston area, and the response has been roughly the same across the board: It’s been tried, it doesn’t work, students don’t vote. But I’m writing this primarily because I believe that that can change, and that change has to start somewhere. Having spent my time in college at the world’s greatest academic institution, which happens to share a city with this country’s first and most well-known university, I can’t help but feel that this is the place. Next semester, on March 1st, 2016, students across this state will have the opportunity to voice their opinion on who should be the next President of the United States, and there are almost TWICE as many students around Boston alone as voted in the entire Massachusetts Democratic Primary in 2012. Eight months later, we will have the opportunity to help shape the entire legislature of the most student-dense state in the nation. But in less than one month, the MIT community gets to help shape the future of our small slice of this world and show students everywhere what might be possible if they just exercise their basic right, and encourage those around them to do so as well. And to be able to do that, all you have to do is register to vote. The deadline: This Wednesday. Now, I have not told you who is running; you have nearly a month left to figure that out, as well as how you feel about them. But whoever is elected, it won’t matter to them if you voted for or against them, and they won’t know anyway. That election will be done, and the only purpose it will serve is to show them which votes they need to keep, which votes they need to earn, and which people they can disregard. We all have experience with authority. Some times that authority is good for us, such as parents that protect us as children. Sometimes authority is unjust, and feels oppressive. Personally, I was privileged to have been surrounded by authorities that cared for me and did what they thought best for me regardless of how little I appreciated them at the time. Maybe you did too, maybe you didn’t. But the authorities in our lives now don’t have reason to care about you or who you are at all. At least not if you don’t care who they are. Click here for the Massachusetts Official Mail-In Voter Registration Form

Elements of Small Business Environment - 1534 Words

THE ELEMENT OF THE SMALL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Entrepreneurship Individual Assignment THE ELEMENT OF THE SMALL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Entrepreneurship Individual Assignment NGUYEN THAI HA B0074 - BA505 ETR401 | LECTURER: MR. NGHIAHT NGUYEN THAI HA B0074 - BA505 ETR401 | LECTURER: MR. NGHIAHT CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION of ENVIRONMENT II. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT III. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 1. Task Environment 2. General Environment IV. CONCLUSION V. PREFERENCES I. INTRODUCTION In order to start up or become effective, each new and current companies have to use a number of elements within the environment to gauge the path by which they ought to steer. So what is†¦show more content†¦It derives five important forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore, the attractiveness of a market. 5 typical factors have direct impact on the business. 2. General Environment – Macro Environment The General Environment can be described by PESTEL model. It refers to all forces that are part of society, affect business and micro environment. * Political factors include: * Government’s stability * Social policies: welfare, etc. * Trade regulation: EU amp; WTO, etc. * The Government set the laws, regulations and policies that can promote or limit the individuals and organizations in a society * Economic factors: * Economic growth * Unemployment rate * Interest rate†¦ * Economic factor can effect purchasing power and spending patterns. â€Å"Element like interest rates affect a firm’s cost of capital and therefore a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the export and import goods in an economy.† * Social factors: * Demographics Demographics studies population patterns: sizes, age, sex, occupation, ethnicity, etc. Those patterns are investigated for companies to change various strategies to adapt to these social trends, such as recruiting staff or design suitable products for each segment Let take an example of age changing structure in US: * Generation Y: born 1980 – 1995 -gt; technology wise, optimistic, confident, sociable, flexibleShow MoreRelatedCorporate Governance Practices Of Small Businesses1272 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernance practices of small businesses in Australia? Compare and evaluate the role of owners and managers. Business is an economic activity, which is associated with systematic production and allocation of goods and services that gives better satisfaction for human being. Generally, business play the major role to develop the social and economic condition of Australia. There are different types of business such as Small business, Franchise, Online business, Family business, Independent contractorRead MoreDrexler’s World Famous Bar-B-Que Case Study Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesDrexler’s Bar-B-Que, a family run business that has existed for over 60 years. The paper addresses how values play a role in the success of the business but also delves into how a family business’s values impact operations and success. The effectiveness of the organization is reviewed and discussed related to how a family run business can achieve success but yet not be effective. To drive this point the paper will have research topics from Internet based resources in business related to how fa mily businessesRead MoreSocial Media as a Business Tool1762 Words   |  7 PagesMedia as a Business Tool: In the digital age that is a major characteristic of the modern society, people are increasingly using social media as the major means of communication. Social media is used for communication because people have continued to leave conventional media in favor of the new revolution in communication. As engaging with social media has become a major characteristic in the modern day culture and working environment, the popularity of social media is a huge business in the commercialRead MoreThe Basic Elements Of Tqm Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagescontinuous learning by the employees about their work [25]. Different consultants and schools of thought emphasize different aspects of TQM as it has developed over time. These aspects may be technical, operational, or social/managerial. The basic elements of TQM, as expounded by the American Society for Quality Control, are 1) policy, planning, and administration; 2) product design and design change control; 3) control of purchased material; 4) production quality control; 5) user contact and fieldRead MoreInternal Control and Sunshine Center1330 Words   |  6 Pagesregulations 4. Internal control may need to be applied selectively in a small organization. What are the components of the COSO framework, and what components do you think should be used at the Sunshine Center? Internal control consists of five interrelated components. These are derived from the way management runs a business, and are integrated with the management process. Although the components apply to all entities, small and mid-size companies may implement them differently than large ones.Read MoreEssay On Starting A Business1413 Words   |  6 Pagesgoals to open and successfully operate a business in the field of managing information for firms and entities across the nation. The idea first developed when I realized that corporations are constantly gaining immense amounts of information every year with difficult means of managing it. The task will be a lengthy process and consist of many downfalls and cooperation of many team members to produce the desired outcome and effect on the market. Many elements are combined, which is required in orderRead MoreMarket Structure : A Competitive Market1359 Words   |  6 Pageshas for conduct and performance and the fact that it has an impact upon the strategic possibilities which faces the organization. Perfect competition This market structure is the most competitive there are many buyers and sellers and they are too small to have any level of individual control over prices. The type of product is identical, information regarding availability can be easily access by both buyers and sellers. In order for firm to try and maximise their profit they will need to decideRead MoreInternal Control and Sunshine Center1322 Words   |  6 Pagesin a small organization. What are the components of the COSO framework, and what components do you think should be used at the Sunshine Center? Internal control consists of five interrelated components. These are derived from the way management runs a business, and are integrated with the management process. Although the components apply to all entities, small and mid-size companies may implement them differently than large ones. Its controls may be less formal and less structured, yet a small companyRead MoreLeadership Theories And Philosophies Of Case, Kouzes, And Drucker1689 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: There are many leadership theories and philosophies currently used to describe the different principles and strategies by various leaders to drive their decision making and actions in the business world. A common perception about leaders is that they are born and not made. This theory often portrays great leaders as destined to rise to leadership. However, there are many different classifications of other commonly used leadership theories which include trait theoriesRead MoreThe Integrative Model Of Human Resource1604 Words   |  7 PagesSHRM includes elements of both the control-based and the resource-based SHRM. Desired outcome dictates the elements that will be employed. HR policies can employ elements of commitment, collaboration, traditional and paternal control as needed to support its business strategy. Commitment strategies seek and develop internal talents to meet skill needed. Employees are seen as business partners and competitive advantage agents. Traditional HR and collaborative HR strategies have elements of externally

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay - 1991 Words

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight - Character Analysis of Sir Gawain The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnell is a medieval romance poem written by an anonymous author. Sir Gawain is one of the major characters in the poem. He is a very likable personality. Sir Gawain represents an ideal knight of the fourteenth century. Throughout the story, we see Sir Gawain portrayed as a very courteous and noble knight, always trying to help King Arthur. The characteristics of Sir Gawain like kindness, generosity and firmness are revealed from his actions. Sir Gawain is a very gentle and noble knight, always willing to help people, particularly his king. King Arthur is in a bad predicament, as he has killed a deer while hunting in the woods. To†¦show more content†¦Here, Sir Gawain follows the code of comitatus and helps King Arthur by agreeing to marry the old and ugly Dame Ragnell. Sir Gawain tells King Arthur that even though Dame Ragnell is as foul as Belsabub, he will marry her to keep King Arthurs honor. The honor and friendship of King Arthur mean a lot to Sir Gawain. According to comitatus, Sir Gawain has a duty and obligation to help his king. Sir Gawains willingness to throw away his life, for the friendship and honor of King Arthur, proves that Sir Gawain is a very noble and loyal knight. He treats Dame Ragnell in a proper manner, in the same way that he would if she was young and beautiful. During the fourteenth century women were praised high in the society. It was a duty of the knight to treat his wife or lady in a gentile and graceful manner. On the wedding night, when Ragnell asks for his embrace he says to Dame Ragnell: I wolle do more. Then for to kisse, and God before! (343). Gentleness and nobility are gifts from God, and Sir Gawain seems to posses these gifts. Sir Gawain decides to kiss Dame Ragnell even though she is ugly. He is treating Dame Ragnell in a very gentle and noble manner. Many clues about theShow MoreRelatedSir Gawain And The Green Knight1359 Words   |  6 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Sir Gawain and The Green Knight,† a protagonist emerges depicting an Arthurian knight named Sir Gawain. Sir Gawain, King Arthur’s nephew, takes initiative by accepting the challenge requested by the Green Knight in place of his uncle. He undergoes a perilous adventure, seeking for the Green Knight to receive the final blow. Although Sir Gawain is not viewed as a hero for his military accomplishments, he is, however, viewed as a heroic figure by the Knights at the Round Table for hisRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight862 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, by an unknown author referred to as the â€Å"Pearl Poet,† we are introduced to Sir Gawain. Gawain is a knight of the Round Table and he is also the nephew of King Arthur. As a knight, Gawain is expected to possess and abide by many chivalrous facets. Throughout the poem he p ortrays many of the qualities a knight should possess, such as bravery, courtesy, and honor among others. Because of his ability to possess these virtues even when tempted to stray away from themRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1514 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight is an epic poem written in the mid to late fourteenth century by an unknown author. Throughout the tale, Sir Gawain, a Knight at the Round Table in Camelot, is presented with many hardships, the first being a challenge on Christmas by a man in which, â€Å"Everything about him was an elegant green† (161). This â€Å"Green Knight† challenged someone in Camelot to accept his game which they will chop off his head with his axe and the Green Knight will do the same to the playerRead MoreSir Gawain and the Green Knight1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe poem of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight compares a super natural creature to nature. The mystery of the poem is ironic to the anonymous a uthor. The story dates back into the fourteenth century, but no one knows who originally wrote the poem. This unknown author explains in the poem of Sir Gawain not knowing of the location of the Green Chapel and or who the Green Knight really is. This keeps the reader entertained with the suspicion of not knowing. The author then does not give his name orRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight contains ambiguity and irony that make it interesting to read and teach. Gawain’s conflict arose when he accepted the girdle that could protect him and when he lied to his host, severing fellowship with the lord for courtesy with the lady. By utilizing a social reconstructionist philosophy of teaching that emphasizes personal beliefs and ethics, a teacher will help the students establish their identities and learn to appreciate classic literature. Sir Gawain and theRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1335 Words   |  6 PagesSir Gawain: The Ironic Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a tale of the utmost irony in which Sir Gawain, the most loyal and courteous of all of King Arthur’s knights, fails utterly to be loyal and courteous to his king, his host, his vows, and his God. In each case, Sir Gawain not only fails to perform well, but performs particularly poorly, especially in the case of his relationship with God. Ultimately, Sir Gawain chooses magic over faith, and by doing so, shows his ironic nature as aRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight906 Words   |  4 Pagesusually the latter. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight we see Sir Bertilak go off to hunt three very specific animals as a game with Sir Gawain. They agree that â€Å"what ever [Bertilak catches] in the wood shall become [Sir Gawain’s], and what ever mishap comes [Sir Gawain’s] way will be given to [Bertilak] in exchange.† (Sir Gawain†¦, ln 1105-1007). In this deal we slowly see Gawain loose his honor as paralleled with Sir B ertilak’s hunt. The first animal that is hunted by the knight is a deer, while thisRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesFall 16 Donnelly Many years ago, knights were expected to form a certain type of relationship with their king, this relationship was otherwise known as fealty. Fealty is a knight’s sworn loyalty to their king (in other words a loyal relationship should be formed between the two). The use of this relationship is shown in the poem called â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† ( the author is unknown). This poem has a classic quest type of formula, with a knight receiving a challenge and then going outRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1455 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, for Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight temptation existed around every corner while he was playing the game of the Green Knight. Temptation existed every day and each day it existed in a new way. Gawain never knew what was coming his way throughout the grand scheme of the game, but one thing was for certain he was being tested. Without his reliance religious faith and dedication to his reputation, Gawain wo uld not have been able to make it through the game of the Green Knight alive andRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesBoth Sir Gawain, from â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† translated by Marie Borroff, and Beowulf, from Beowulf translated by Burton Raffel, serve as heroes in different times of Medieval English Literature. Many of the basic principles that describe heroes in Medieval Literature are seen in both of these characters even though they were written in different times. There are distinct similarities, differences, and also a progression of what the hero was in English literature, between Sir Gawain and

University College Free Essays

string(88) " on important events in the author’s life, but also on his work as a literary critic\." David John Lodge was born on January 28, 1935, in London’s lower-middle-class East End, the only son of a musician father and a staunchly Catholic mother. The family’s straitened economic situation, his conservative Catholic upbringing, and the dangers of wartime London left their mark on young David. He began his first novel (unpublished) at eighteen while still a student at University College, London, where he received his B. We will write a custom essay sample on University College or any similar topic only for you Order Now A. in English (with first honors) in 1955 and an M. A. in 1959. Between times Lodge performed what was then an obligatory National Service (1955-1957). Although the two years were in a sense wasted, his stint in the army did give him time to complete his first published novel, The Picturegoers , and material for his second, Ginger, You’re Barmy , as well as the impetus to continue his studies. In 1959 he married to Mary Frances Jacob; they had three children. After a year working as an assistant at the British Council, Lodge joined the faculty at the University of Birmingham, where he completed his Ph. D. in 1969; he eventually attained the position of full professor of modern English literature in 1976. The mid-1960’s proved an especially important period in Lodge’s personal and professional life. He became close friends with fellow critic and novelist Malcolm Bradbury (then also at Birmingham), under whose influence Lodge wrote his first comic novel, The British Museum Is Falling Down , for which the publisher, not so comically, forgot to distribute review copies; he was awarded a Harkness Commonwealth Fellowship to study and travel in the United States for a year (1964-1965); he published his first critical study, the influential The Language of Fiction (1966); and he learned that his third child, Christopher, suffered from Down syndrome (a biographical fact that manifests itself obliquely at the end of Out of the Shelter and more overtly in one of the plots of How Far Can You Go? ). Lodge’s second trip to the United States, this time as visiting professor of English at the University of California at Berkeley in 1969, during the height of the Free Speech Movement and political unrest, played its part in the conceiving and writing of his second comic novel, Changing Places , as did the critical essays he was then writing and would later collect in The Novelist at the Crossroads (1971) and Working with Structuralism (1981). The cash award that went along with the Whitbread Prize for his next novel, How Far Can You Go? , enabled Lodge to reduce his teaching duties to half-year and to devote himself more fully to his writing. He transformed his participation in the Modern Language Association’s 1978 conference in New York, the 1979 James Joyce Symposium in Zurich, and a three-week world tour of conferences and British Council speaking engagements into his most commercially successful book, Small World , later adapted for British television. His reputation growing and his financial situation brightening, Lodge donated all royalties from his next book, Write On: Occasional Essays, ’65-’85 (1986), to CARE (Cottage and Rural Enterprises), which maintains communities for mentally handicapped adults. In 1987 he took advantage of early retirement (part of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher’s austerity plan for British universities) so that he could work full time as a writer. Lodge soon published Paradise News (1991) and Therapy (1995). He also published two collections of essays, After Bakhtin: Essays on Fiction and Criticism (1990) The Art of Fiction (1992), and a comedic play, The Writing Game (1991). Especially popular for his academic novels, Lodge enjoyed an increasingly strong critical reception in the 1990’s. The Writing Game was adapted for television in 1996, and Lodge was named a Fellow of Goldsmith’s College in London in 1992. In 1996 he published The Practice of Writing , a collection of seventeen essays on the creative process. In this text he treats fiction writers who have influenced him, from James Joyce to Anthony Burgess, and comments on the contemporary novelist and the world of publishing; the main focus, however, is on adapting his own work, as well as the work of Charles Dickens and Harold Pinter, for television. Lodge remained a supporter of CARE and other organizations supporting the mentally handicapped (the subject of mental handicaps appears briefly in Therapy in a reference to the central character’s sister’s dedication to a mentally handicapped son). He retained the title of Honorary Professor of Modern English Literature at the University of Birmingham. In addition to interests in television, theater, and film, Lodge maintained an interest in tennis that is sometimes reflected in the novels. Literary Forms Mediating between theory and practice, David Lodge has proved himself one of England’s ablest and most interesting literary critics. Among his influential critical books are The Language of Fiction (1966) and The Novelist at the Crossroads (1971). In addition to his novels and criticism, he has written short stories, television screenplays of some of his novels, and (in collaboration with Malcolm Bradbury and Jim Duckett) several satirical revues. Achievements As a novelist Lodge has made his mark in three seemingly distinct yet, in Lodge’s case, surprisingly congruent areas: as a writer of Catholic novels, of â€Å"campus fiction,† and of works that somehow manage to be at once realist and postmodern. The publication of Changing Places in 1975 and Small World nine years later brought Lodge to the attention of a much larger (especially American) audience. Changing Places won both the Yorkshire Post and Hawthornden prizes, How Far Can You Go? received the Whitbread Award, and Nice Work was shortlisted for Great Britain’s prestigious Booker Prize. Literary Analysis In order to understand David Lodge’s novels, it is necessary to place them in the context of postwar British literature—the â€Å"Movement† writers and â€Å"angry young men† of the 1950’s, whose attacks on the English class system had an obvious appeal to the author of The Picturegoers , the English Catholic novel and â€Å"campus novel† traditions, and finally the postmodernism to which British fiction (it is often claimed) has proved especially resistant. In addition, Lodge’s novels are significantly and doubly autobiographical. They draw not only on important events in the author’s life, but also on his work as a literary critic. You read "University College" in category "Papers" In The Language of Fiction Lodge defends the aesthetic validity and continuing viabilty of realist writing on the basis of linguistic mastery rather than fidelity to life, and in The Novelist at the Crossroads he rejects Robert Scholes’s bifurcation of contemporary fiction into fabulistic and journalistic modes, positing the â€Å"problematic novel† in which the novelist innovatively builds his hesitation as to which mode to adopt into the novel. Lodge’s own novels are profoundly pluralistic yet manifest the author’s clear sense of aesthetic, social, and personal limitations as well as his awareness of working both within and against certain traditions and forms. The Picturegoers Set in a lower-middle-class area of London much like the one in which Lodge grew up, The Picturegoers is an interesting and even ambitious work marred by melodramatic excesses. As the plural of its title implies, The Picturegoers deals with a fairly large number of more or less ma in characters. Lodge’s title also is indicative of his narrative method: abrupt cinematic shifts between the different plots, use of a similarly shifting focalizing technique, and a stylizing of the narrative discourse in order to reflect features of an individual character’s verbal thought patterns. Of the seven main characters, Mark Underwood is the most important. A lapsed Catholic and aspiring writer, he arrives in London, rents a room in the home of a conservative Catholic family, the Mallorys, and falls in love with the daughter, Clare, formerly a Catholic novitiate. The affair will change them: Clare will become sexually awakened and then skeptical when Mark abandons her for the Catholicism from which she has begun to distance herself. Interestingly, his return to the Church seems selfish and insincere, an ironic sign not of his redemption but of his bad faith. Ginger, You’re Barmy Dismissed by its author as a work of â€Å"missed possibilities† and an â€Å"act of revenge† against Great Britain’s National Service, Ginger, You’re Barmy continues Lodge’s dual exploration of narrative technique and moral matters and largely succeeds on the basis of the solution Lodge found for the technical problem which the writing of the novel posed: how to write a novel about the tedium of military life without making the novel itself tedious to read. Lodge solved the problem by choosing to concentrate the action and double his narrator-protagonist Jonathan Browne’s story. Lodge focuses the story on the first few weeks of basic training, particularly Jonathan’s relationship with the altruistic and highly, though conservatively, principled Mike Brady, a poorly educated Irish Catholic, who soon runs afoul of the military authorities; on the accidental death or perhaps suicide of Percy Higgins; and on Jonathan’s last days before being mustered out two years later. Lodge then frames this already-doubled story with the tale of Jonathan’s telling, or writing, of these events three years later, with Jonathan now married (to Mike’s former girlfriend), having spent the past three years awaiting Mike’s release from prison. The novel’s frame structure suggests that Jonathan has improved morally from the self-centered agnostic he was to the selfless friend he has become, but his telling problematizes the issue of his development. Between Mike’s naive faith and Jonathan’s intellectual self-consciousness and perhaps self-serving confession there opens up an abyss of uncertainty for the reader. The British Museum Is Falling Down This moral questioning takes a very different form in Lodge’s next novel. The British Museum Is Falling Down is a parodic pastiche about a day in the highly literary and (sexually) very Catholic life of Adam Appleby, a twenty-five-year- old graduate student trying to complete his dissertation before his stipend is depleted and his growing family overwhelms his slender financial resources. Desperate but by no means in despair, Adam begins to confuse literature and life as each event in the wildly improbable series that makes up his day unfolds in its own uniquely parodied style. The parodies are fun but also have a semiserious purpose, the undermining of all forms of authority, religious as well as literary. Parodic in form, The British Museum Is Falling Down is comic in intent in that Lodge wrote it in the expectation of change in the church’s position on birth control. The failure of this expectation would lead Lodge fifteen years later to turn the comedy inside out in his darker novel, How Far Can You Go? Out of the Shelter Published after The British Museum Is Falling Down but conceived earlier, Out of the Shelter is a more serious but also less successful novel. Modeled on a trip Lodge made to Germany when he was sixteen, Out of the Shelter attempts to combine the Bildungsroman and the Jamesian international novel. In three parts of increasing length, the novel traces the life of Timothy Young from his earliest years in the London blitz to the four weeks he spends in Heidelberg in the early 1950’s with his sister, who works for the American army of occupation. With the help of those he meets, Timothy begins the process of coming out of the shelter of home, conservative Catholicism, unambitious lower-middle-class parents, provincial, impoverished England, and sexual immaturity into a world of abundance as well as ambiguity. Lodge’s Joycean stylization of Timothy’s maturing outlook proves much less successful than his portrayal of Timothy’s life as a series of transitions in which the desire for freedom is offset by a desire for shelter, the desire to participate by the desire to observe. Even in the epilogue, Timothy, now thirty, married, and in the United States on a study grant, finds himself dissatisfied (even though he has clearly done better than any of the novel’s other characters) and afraid of the future. Changing Places Lodge translates that fear into a quite different key in Changing Places. Here Lodge’s genius for combining opposites becomes fully evident as the serious Timothy Young gives way to the hapless English liberal-humanist Philip Swallow, who leaves the shelter of the University of Rummidge for the expansive pleasures of the State University of Euphoria in Plotinus (Berkeley). Swallow is half of Lodge’s faculty and narrative exchange program; the other is Morris Zapp, also forty, an academic Norman Mailer, arrogant and ambitious. Cartoonish as his characters—or rather caricatures—may be, Lodge makes them and their complementary as well as parallel misadventures in foreign parts humanly interesting. The real energy of Changing Places lies, however, in the intersecting plots and styles of this â€Å"duplex† novel. The first two chapters, â€Å"Flying† and â€Å"Settling,† get the novel off to a self-consciously omniscient but otherwise conventional start. â€Å"Corresponding,† however, switches to the epistolary mode, and â€Å"Reading† furthers the action (and the virtuosic display) by offering a series of newspaper items, press releases, flysheets, and the like. â€Å"Changing† reverts to conventional narration (but in a highly stylized way), and â€Å"Ending† takes the form of a filmscript. Set at a time of political activism and literary innovation, Changing Places is clearly a â€Å"problematic novel† written by a â€Å"novelist at the crossroads,† aware of the means at his disposal but unwilling to privilege any one over any or all of the others. How Far Can You Go? Lodge puts the postmodern plays of Changing Places to a more overtly serious purpose in How Far Can You Go? It is a work more insistently referential than any of Lodge’s other novels but also paradoxically more self-questioning: a fiction about the verifiably real world that nevertheless radically insists upon its own status as fiction. The novel switches back and forth between the sometimes discrete, yet always ultimately related stories of its ten main characters as freely as it does between the mimetic levels of the story and its narration. The parts make up an interconnected yet highly discontinuous whole, tracing the lives of its ten characters from 1952 (when nine are university students and members of a Catholic study group led by the tenth, Father Brierly) through the religious, sexual, and sociopolitical changes of the 1960’s and 1970’s to the deaths of two popes, the installation of the conservative John Paul II, and the writing of the novel How Far Can You Go? in 1978. The authorial narrator’s attitude toward his characters is at once distant and familiar, condescending and compassionate. Their religious doubts and moral questions strike the reader as quaintly naive, the result of a narrowly Catholic upbringing. Yet the lives of reader and characters as well as authorial narrator are also strangely parallel in that (to borrow Lodge’s own metaphor) each is involved in a game of Snakes and Ladders, moving narratively, psychologically, socially, and religiously ahead one moment, only to fall suddenly behind the next. The characters stumble into sexual maturity, marry, have children, have affairs, get divorced, declare their homosexuality, suffer illnesses, breakdowns, and crises of faith, convert to other religions, and join to form Catholics for an Open Church. All the while the authorial narrator of this most postmodern of post- Vatican II novels proceeds with self-conscious caution, possessed of his own set of doubts, as he moves toward the open novel. Exploring various lives, plots, voices, and styles, Lodge’s artfully wrought yet ultimately provisional narrative keeps circling back to the question that troubles his characters: â€Å"How far can you go? † in the search for what is vital in the living of a life and the writing (or reading) of a novel. Small World Lodge goes still further, geographically as well as narratively speaking, in his next novel. A campus fiction for the age of the â€Å"global campus,† Small World begins at a decidedly provincial meeting in Rummidge in 1978 and ends at a mammoth Modern Language Association conference in New York one year later, with numerous international stops in between as Lodge recycles characters and invents a host of intersecting stories (or narrative flight paths). The pace is frenetic and thematically exhaustive but, for the delighted reader, never exhausting. The basic plot upon which Lodge plays his add-on variations begins when Persse McGarrigle—poet and â€Å"conference virgin†Ã¢â‚¬â€meets the elusive Angelica Pabst. As Angelica pursues literary theory at a number of international conferences, Persse pursues her, occasionally glimpsing her sister, a pornographic actress, Lily Papps, whom he mistakes for Angelica. Meanwhile, characters from earlier Lodge novels reappear to engage in affairs and rivalries, all in the international academic milieu. A parody of (among other things) the medieval quest, Lodge’s highly allusive novel proves at once entertaining and instructive as it combines literary modes, transforms the traditional novel’s world of characters into semiotics’ world of signs, and turns the tables on contemporary literary theory’s celebrated demystifications by demystifying it. At novel’s end, Lodge makes a guest appearance, and Persse makes an exit, in pursuit of another object of his chaste desire. The quest continues, but that narrative fact does not mean that the novel necessarily endorses the kind of extreme open-endedness or inconclusiveness that characterizes certain contemporary literary theories. Rather, the novel seems to side with the reconstructed Morris Zapp, who has lost his faith in deconstruction, claiming that although the deferral of meaning may be endless, the individual is not: â€Å"Death is the one concept you can’t deconstruct. Work back from there and you end up with the old idea of an autonomous self. † Nice Work Zapp’s reduced expectations typify Lodge’s eighth novel, Nice Work , set almost entirely in Rummidge but also—as in How Far Can You Go? —evidencing his interest in bringing purely literary and academic matters to bear on larger social issues. The essential doubleness of this geographically circumscribed novel manifests itself in a series of contrasts: between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, literature and life, the Industrial Midlands and Margaret Thatcher’s economically thriving (but morally bankrupt) London, male and female, and the novel’s two main characters. Vic Wilcox, age forty-six, managing director of a family-named but conglomerate-owned foundry, rather ironically embodies the male qualities his name implies. Robyn Penrose is everything Vic Wilcox is not: young, attractive, intellectual, cosmopolitan, idealistic, politically aware, sexually liberated, as androgynous as her name, and, as temporary lecturer in women’s studies and the nineteenth century novel, ill-paid. The differences between the two are evident even in the narrative language, as Lodge takes pains to unobtrusively adjust discourse to character. The sections devoted to Vic, â€Å"a phallic sort of bloke,† are appropriately straightforward, whereas those dealing with Robyn, a character who â€Å"doesn’t believe in character,† reflect her high degree of self-awareness. In order to bring the two characters and their quite different worlds together, Lodge invents an Industry Year Shadow Scheme that involves Robyn’s following Vic around one workday per week for a semester. Both are at first reluctant participants. Displeasure slowly turns into dialogue, and dialogue eventually leads to bed, with sexual roles reversed. Along the way Lodge smuggles in a considerable amount of literary theory as Vic and Robyn enter each other’s worlds and words: the phallo and logocentric literalmindedness of the one coming up against the feminist-semiotic awareness of the other. Each comes to understand, even appreciate, the other. Lodge does not stop there. His ending is implausible, in fact flatly unconvincing, but deliberately so—a parody of the only solutions that, as Robyn points out to her students, the Victorian novelists were able or willing to offer to â€Å"the problems of industrial capitalism: a legacy, a marriage, emigration or death. † Robyn will receive two proposals of marriage, a lucrative job offer, and an inheritance that will enable her to finance the small company Vic, recently fired, will found and direct and also enable her to stay on at Rummidge to try to make her utopian dream of an educated, classless English society a reality. The impossibly happy ending suggests just how slim her chances for success are, but the very existence of Lodge’s novel seems to undermine this irony, leaving Nice Work and its reader on the border between aspiration and limitation, belief and skepticism, the romance of how things should be and the reality, or realism, of how things are—a border area that is one of the hallmarks of Lodge’s fiction. Paradise News Paradise News centers on the quest motif and the conflicts of a postmodern English Catholic. Bernard Walsh, a â€Å"sceptical theologican,† was formerly a priest but now teaches theology at the University of Rummidge. Summoned, along with his father, to see his aunt, who left England after World War II and is now dying in Hawaii, Walsh signs up for a package tour to save money. The rumpled son and his curmudgeon father join a comic assortment of honeymooners, disgruntled families, and other eccentrics; Lodge calls an airport scene â€Å"carnivales que. † When the father breaks his leg on the first morning, Bernard must negotiate to bring his father and his aunt together so that his aunt can finally reveal and overcome the sexual abuse she suffered in childhood. Bernard’s journey to Hawaii becomes a journey of discovery in his sexual initiation with Yolande, who gently leads him to know himself and his body. A major theme, as the title suggests, is â€Å"paradise. † Hawaii is the false paradise—paradise lost, fallen, or packaged by the tourist industry—yet a beautiful, natural backdrop is there, however worn and sullied. Paradise emerges from within the individuals who learn to talk to one another. The â€Å"news† from paradise includes Bernard’s long letter to himself, which he secretly delivers to Yolande, and letters home from members of the tour group. As with Lodge’s other novels, prominent themes are desire and repression in English Catholic families and a naive academic’s quest for self. In a complex tangle of human vignettes, Bernard moves from innocence and repression to an awakening of both body and spirit—an existential journey that is both comic and poignant. Therapy Therapy centers on another spiritual and existential quest. Lawrence (Tubby) Passmore, successful writer of television comedies, is troubled by knee pains and by anxiety that leads him, after reading the works of Soren Kierkegaard, to consider himself the â€Å"unhappiest man. † Seeking psychotherapy, aromatherapy, massage therapy, and acupuncture, Tubby moves through a haze of guilt and anxiety. When his wife of thirty years asks for a divorce, he seeks solace with a series of women, with each quest ending in comic failure. Obsessed with Kierkegaard’s unrequited love, Tubby launches a quest for the sweetheart whom he feels he wronged in adolescence. Lodge’s concern with the blurring of literary forms is evident in Tubby’s preoccupation with writing in his journal, sometimes writing Browningesque monologues for other characters. Opening with an epigraph from Graham Greene asserting that writing itself is â€Å"therapy,† Lodge takes Tubby through a quest for self through writing that coincides with a literal pilgrimage when he joins his former sweetheart, Maureen, on a hiking pilgrimage in Spain. When Tubby at last finds Maureen, her recollections of their teenage romance minimize his guilt, and his troubles seem trivial in comparison with her losing a son and surviving breast cancer. At the end, Tubby is planning a trip (a pilgrimage) to Kierkegaard’s home with Maureen and her husband. Tubby’s real therapy has been self-discovery through writing in his journal; other therapies and journeys have failed. Intertwined with existential angst, Tubby’s physical and psychological journeys are both comic and sad, with an underlying sense of the power of human goodness and the need to overcome repressions. Findings and discussion Conclusion References How to cite University College, Papers

The Effects of Homeschooling on Academics and Socializations Essay Example For Students

The Effects of Homeschooling on Academics and Socializations Essay Intro As one of the fastest growing trends in modern education and with more members than ever before, it is no wonder that homeschooling has received recent media coverage (Swartout-Corbeil; Saba and Gattis 1, National Household Education Surveys Program 1). However, many people are unsure about the reality of homeschooling (Saba and Gattis XI). Some of its critics show concerns over its claimed negative effects on a child’s ability to socialize with other children, while some were doubtful of its academic effectiveness (Saba and Gattis 5; Pitman). On the other hand, homeschoolers and their supporters say that it offers greater academic benefits than conventional schooling, and does not deprive a child socially either (Saba and Gattis 2; Dorian and Tyler 46). But amidst all this talk, what really are the effects of homeschooling on a child, on both the academic and social levels? Background Simply put, homeschooling is the practice of educating children of school-age at their home instead of at a public school with other children (Swartout-Corbeil). We will write a custom essay on The Effects of Homeschooling on Academics and Socializations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The history of homeschooling goes all the way back to the early colonial times (Pitman). In fact, countless renowned men were homeschooled as kids, such as the ones pointed out by Linda Dobson: Some of the greatest minds of all time were homeschooled. Thomas Edison, Ben Franklin.Charles Dickens, John Quincy Adams†¦Abraham Lincoln, James Madison, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, George Washington, and Woodrow Wilson were all homeschooled, just to name a few! (196) In early history, homeschooling appealed widely to many families as the bulk of public schools were very exclusive in their selective process except to either the wealthy, or those of a specific ethnicity or gender. As a r. . url.com/pvojhh>. National Household Education Surveys Program. 1.5 Million Homeschooled Students in the United States in 2007. Issue brief no. NCES 2009?030. 1.5 Million Homeschooled Students in the United States in 2007. National Household Education Surveys Program, Dec. 2008. Web. 14 Nov. 2009. . Pitman, Mary Anne. Homeschooling. Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society. Encyclopedia.com, 2004. Web. 15 Nov. 2009. . Saba, Laura, and Julie Gattis. McGraw-Hill homeschooling companion. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002. Print. Swartout-Corbeil, Deanna M. Home Schooling. Gale Encyclopedia of Childrens Health: Infancy through Adolescence. Encyclopedia.com, 2006. Web. 15 Nov. 2009. .